Biological Bases of Behaviour: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the reward system and motivation?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for mediating excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

The limbic system is a complex network of brain structures involved in:

Accepted Answer

Emotion and memory

Answer

Cognition and reasoning

Answer

Motor control and balance

Answer

Language processing and production

Question 5

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for maintaining homeostasis during rest and digestion?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Sensory nervous system

Question 6

What is the main purpose of a neuron in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To send electrical signals over long distances

Answer

To carry nutrients around the body

Answer

To store and release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receptor

Answer

Soma (cell body)

Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Question 8

The neurotransmitter released at the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle cell is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Question 9

Which non-invasive technique is used to measure brain activity by recording electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 10

The release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron is triggered by the:

Accepted Answer

Arrival of an action potential

Answer

Influx of sodium ions

Answer

Depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane

Answer

Binding of a ligand to a receptor

Question 11

Which neurodegenerative disorder is characterised by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 12

Which of the following is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 13

Damage to which brain region is most likely to impair the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 14

Which of the following is a primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of internal stability (homeostasis)

Answer

Conscious control of voluntary movements

Answer

Response to external stimuli

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Question 15

Which research method is frequently employed to study the influence of genetic factors on behavior?

Accepted Answer

Twin study

Answer

Case study

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Experiment

Question 16

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons?

Accepted Answer

Insulating neurons to facilitate faster signal transmission

Answer

Preventing the passage of neurotransmitters

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Generating action potentials

Question 17

Which of the following is a disorder characterized by an intense fear of social situations?

Accepted Answer

Social phobia

Answer

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer

Panic disorder

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 18

What is the term for the process by which experiences can alter brain structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic plasticity

Answer

Learning

Answer

Memory

Answer

Neurogenesis

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 20

What is the name of the structure that facilitates communication between the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 21

Which of the following is definitively not a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Endorphin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Question 22

Which section of the brain processes sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 23

Which of the following is a principal concept in the application of biology to understanding behaviour?

Accepted Answer

Neuroplasticity

Answer

Genetic determinism

Answer

Social learning theory

Answer

Behaviourism

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with the experience of pleasure?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Endorphin

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 26

Which of the following is the most prominent structure of the brain, responsible for higher-level functions such as thinking, planning, and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Limbic system

Question 27

What is the primary role of neurotransmitters in neural communication?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate the transmission of signals between neurons across synapses

Answer

To regulate mood and influence behaviour by interacting with receptors in the brain

Answer

To provide nourishment and energy for the proper functioning of the brain

Answer

To form the myelin sheath that insulates axons, increasing the speed of signal transmission

Question 28

Which neurotransmitter is closely associated with feelings of pleasure, motivation, and reward?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 29

What is the term used to describe the proportion of variation in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors?

Accepted Answer

Heritability

Answer

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

Genotype

Question 30

How does the structure of a neuron, with its dendrites and axon, relate to its function?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits signals away from the cell body

Answer

Axons receive signals from other neurons, while dendrites transmit signals away from the cell body

Answer

Dendrites and axons both receive signals, while the cell body integrates and processes the information

Answer

The structure of a neuron is not directly related to its function

Question 31

Which of the following neuroimaging techniques allows for the visualization of brain activity by measuring changes in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory information from the body

Answer

Regulating body temperature

Answer

Controlling sleep-wake cycles

Answer

Producing hormones

Question 33

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 34

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A negative electrical charge inside the neuron

Answer

A brief electrical impulse that travels along a neuron

Answer

A positive electrical charge inside the neuron

Answer

A slow wave of depolarization that spreads across a neuron

Question 35

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

To prevent harmful substances from entering the brain

Answer

To allow nutrients and oxygen to enter the brain

Answer

To regulate blood flow to the brain

Answer

To produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 36

To overcome the limitations of current brain imaging techniques, researchers often use which approach?

Accepted Answer

Combining different brain imaging techniques

Answer

Increasing the sample size of their studies

Answer

Relying solely on animal models for their research

Answer

Relying solely on self-report measures for their research

Question 37

Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with pleasure and reward pathways in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 38

Which brain structure is responsible for coordinating and maintaining balance and fine motor movements?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 39

Which part of the neuron transmits electrical signals to other cells?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Answer

Dendrite

Answer

Myelin sheath

Answer

Cell body

Question 40

Which type of genetic variation can influence behavioural traits and is characterized by a change in a single nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Answer

Translocation

Answer

Chromosomal inversion

Answer

Aneuploidy

Question 41

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for language processing, particularly in right-handed individuals?

Accepted Answer

Left frontal lobe

Answer

Right frontal lobe

Answer

Right temporal lobe

Answer

Left parietal lobe

Question 42

Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands in response to stressful situations and prepares the body for a 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Question 43

Which type of learning involves linking a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response, such as in Pavlov's dogs experiment?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Answer

Implicit learning

Answer

Operant conditioning

Answer

Observational learning

Question 44

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system generally arouses the body and prepares it for 'fight or flight' situations?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 45

Which research technique is commonly used to measure electrical activity in the brain, providing insights into brain function and disorders?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Case study

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Interview