Materials in Electronics: Properties and Applications for Electronic Devices

Question 1

Which of the following materials is not commonly used in electronic devices?

Accepted Answer

Polycarbonate

Answer

Semiconductors

Answer

Insulators

Answer

Conductors

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic NOT typically associated with semiconductors?

Accepted Answer

High electrical conductivity

Answer

Temperature-dependent resistivity

Answer

Low thermal conductivity

Answer

Narrow energy band gap

Question 3

The intrinsic carrier concentration in a semiconductor is determined by the width of which energy gap?

Accepted Answer

Forbidden band gap

Answer

Conduction band gap

Answer

Valence band gap

Answer

Fermi energy gap

Question 4

The dielectric constant of a material is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Ability to store electrical energy

Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Resistance to electric current

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Question 5

In the context of semiconductors, explain the process of doping and its impact on their electrical conductivity.

Accepted Answer

Adding specific impurities to a semiconductor crystal to alter its electrical properties.

Answer

Heating a semiconductor material to increase its electrical conductivity.

Answer

Cooling a semiconductor material to enhance its electrical conductivity.

Question 6

Which material is a wide-bandgap semiconductor commonly used in optoelectronic devices due to its ability to emit light?

Accepted Answer

Gallium arsenide

Answer

Silicon

Answer

Copper

Answer

Aluminum

Question 7

Which material exhibits the highest electrical resistivity, indicating poor electrical conductivity?

Accepted Answer

Rubber

Answer

Gold

Answer

Silver

Answer

Graphite

Question 8

What phenomenon describes the increased electrical conductivity of a semiconductor material when exposed to light?

Accepted Answer

Photoconductivity

Answer

Thermoelectricity

Answer

Piezoelectricity

Answer

Magnetostriction

Question 9

Which property is crucial for the effective performance of a dielectric material in electronic devices?

Accepted Answer

High dielectric breakdown strength to withstand electric fields without failure

Answer

Low thermal conductivity to minimize heat dissipation

Answer

High magnetic permeability to enhance magnetic field interactions

Answer

Large bandgap to prevent electron flow through the material

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of doping a semiconductor material, such as silicon?

Accepted Answer

To increase its electrical conductivity by introducing impurities that create charge carriers

Answer

To decrease its bandgap and make it more conductive at lower temperatures

Answer

To enhance its thermal stability and make it more resistant to temperature fluctuations

Answer

To reduce its melting point and make it easier to process and fabricate

Question 11

Which material is a ferroelectric ceramic commonly used in capacitors due to its ability to store electrical charge?

Accepted Answer

Barium titanate

Answer

Silicon carbide

Answer

Copper oxide

Answer

Aluminum nitride

Question 12

Which application utilizes the piezoelectric effect, where materials generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonic transducers for generating and detecting high-frequency sound waves

Answer

Temperature sensors for measuring temperature changes based on piezoelectric response

Answer

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for converting electrical energy into light

Answer

Transistors for amplifying and switching electronic signals

Question 13

In metals, what phenomenon is the primary contributor to electrical current?

Accepted Answer

Movement of free electrons

Answer

Ion migration

Answer

Electron tunneling

Answer

Hole drift

Question 14

Identify the key characteristic that distinguishes a good insulator from other materials.

Accepted Answer

High electrical resistivity

Answer

High thermal conductivity

Answer

Low dielectric constant

Answer

Low band gap

Question 15

At absolute zero temperature, what is the band gap energy of an intrinsic semiconductor?

Accepted Answer

Non-zero and positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Zero

Question 16

In the fabrication of integrated circuits, which material is commonly utilized as the substrate?

Accepted Answer

Silicon

Answer

Glass

Answer

Metal

Answer

Plastic

Question 17

Which material is classified as ferromagnetic and exhibits strong magnetic properties?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Silver

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Copper

Question 18

In semiconductors, which type of chemical bonding primarily governs their electrical properties and influences their conductivity?

Accepted Answer

Covalent

Answer

Metallic

Answer

Van der Waals

Answer

Ionic

Question 19

Which of the following materials is NOT used as a semiconductor in electronic devices?

Accepted Answer

Gold

Answer

Silicon

Answer

Gallium arsenide

Answer

Indium phosphide

Question 20

The energy bandgap of a material primarily determines its:

Accepted Answer

Electrical conductivity

Answer

Magnetic susceptibility

Answer

Thermal conductivity

Answer

Optical properties

Question 21

The phenomenon where a material exhibits varying electrical conductivity depending on the direction of current flow is known as:

Accepted Answer

Anisotropy

Answer

Heterogeneity

Answer

Isotropy

Answer

Homogeneity

Question 22

Which of the following factors contributes to the dielectric constant of a material?

Accepted Answer

Polarizability of constituent atoms

Answer

Shape of the material

Answer

Density of the material

Answer

Temperature

Question 23

The ability of a material to store and release electrical energy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Impedance

Answer

Inductance

Answer

Resistance