International Sale of Goods: Master the Legal Framework for Global Trade

Question 1

Which fundamental principle forms the cornerstone of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy of the Parties

Answer

Strict Liability of the Seller

Answer

Mandatory Application of the CISG

Answer

Primacy of National Law over the CISG

Question 2

Under the CISG, when does the risk of loss of or damage to the goods pass to the buyer?

Accepted Answer

When the goods are handed over to the first carrier

Answer

When the buyer takes possession of the goods

Answer

When the goods are shipped

Answer

When the seller delivers the goods to the buyer's premises

Question 3

What is the maximum liability of a seller for breach of contract under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

The foreseeable damages suffered by the buyer

Answer

The price of the goods

Answer

The seller's lost profits

Answer

The buyer's consequential losses

Question 4

Which of the following is a mandatory provision of the CISG that cannot be varied by agreement of the parties?

Accepted Answer

The obligation to deliver the goods in conformity with the contract

Answer

The right to inspect the goods before acceptance

Answer

The right to cancel the contract for delay in delivery

Answer

The right to replace non-conforming goods

Question 5

What is the significance of the term 'acceptance' in the context of the CISG?

Accepted Answer

It indicates the buyer's agreement to the terms of the contract

Answer

It means that the buyer has taken possession of the goods

Answer

It is a condition precedent to the seller's obligation to deliver the goods

Answer

It has no legal significance under the CISG

Question 6

Which of the following is a fundamental breach of contract under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

A failure to deliver the goods at all

Answer

A delay in delivery of less than one month

Answer

A minor defect in the goods

Answer

A breach of warranty

Question 7

What are the potential consequences of a breach of contract under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

Either party can terminate the contract and claim damages

Answer

The buyer can terminate the contract and claim damages

Answer

The seller can terminate the contract and claim damages

Answer

Neither party can terminate the contract

Question 8

According to the CISG, which element is NOT essential for a valid contract?

Accepted Answer

Consideration

Answer

Offer and acceptance

Answer

Mutual assent

Answer

Capacity to contract

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the CISG?

Accepted Answer

Strict liability for breach of contract

Answer

Primacy of freedom of contract

Answer

Good faith and fair dealing

Answer

Uniformity of international trade law

Question 10

What is the purpose of the 'battle of forms' provision in Article 19 of the CISG?

Accepted Answer

To determine which set of terms will govern the contract

Answer

To prevent the formation of a contract when both parties use different standard terms

Answer

To allow the parties to negotiate a new contract without being bound by their original forms

Answer

To give priority to the terms in the form that is sent first

Question 11

What is the role of trade usage in the interpretation of contracts governed by the CISG?

Accepted Answer

It can be used to supplement or clarify the meaning of contract terms

Answer

It is incorporated into the contract unless expressly excluded by the parties

Answer

It overrides the provisions of the CISG

Answer

It is only relevant if the parties come from the same country

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of an 'international' sale of goods under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

The parties have their places of business in different countries

Answer

The goods are located in different countries

Answer

The contract is governed by the laws of different countries

Answer

The goods are intended for international trade

Question 13

What is the 'Vienna regime' in relation to the CISG?

Accepted Answer

The body of legal principles that has developed around the interpretation and application of the CISG

Answer

The group of countries that have adopted the CISG

Answer

The arbitration mechanism established under the CISG

Answer

The UN body responsible for administering the CISG

Question 14

According to the CISG, which element is NOT essential for a contract to be valid?

Accepted Answer

Consideration

Answer

Offer and acceptance

Answer

Capacity to contract

Answer

Legality of purpose

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental principle of the CISG?

Accepted Answer

Mandatory application

Answer

Autonomy of the parties

Answer

Good faith

Answer

International uniformity

Question 16

Which of the following principles is enshrined in Article 6 of the CISG, offering parties significant flexibility in shaping their contractual relationship?

Accepted Answer

Party autonomy

Answer

Unconscionability

Answer

Good faith

Answer

Strict liability

Question 17

In the event of a breach of contract under the CISG, which of the following remedies is NOT available to the non-breaching party?

Accepted Answer

Punitive damages

Answer

Specific performance

Answer

Damages

Answer

Injunction

Question 18

What is the primary objective of the CISG?

Accepted Answer

To harmonize the laws governing the international sale of goods

Answer

To promote free trade

Answer

To protect consumers

Question 19

According to the CISG, what are the essential characteristics of an 'offer'?

Accepted Answer

It must be clear, precise, and communicated to the offeree

Answer

It must be supported by consideration

Answer

It must be in writing

Question 20

What is the legal consequence of entering a reservation to the CISG?

Accepted Answer

It excludes the application of specific provisions of the CISG to the contract

Answer

It renders the CISG inapplicable to the entire contract

Answer

It extends the application of the CISG to non-CISG countries

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT considered a term of the contract under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

A provision excluding liability

Answer

The quantity of goods

Answer

The delivery date

Answer

The price

Question 22

In the absence of any specific contractual agreement, when does the risk of loss or damage to the goods typically pass from the seller to the buyer under the CISG?

Accepted Answer

Upon delivery of the goods to the carrier

Answer

Upon receipt of the goods by the buyer

Answer

Upon payment for the goods

Question 23

Under the CISG, which of the following events may provide a valid excuse for non-performance of contractual obligations?

Accepted Answer

Force majeure

Answer

Breach of contract by the other party

Answer

Unconscionability

Answer

Mistake

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of the conflict of laws rules in the CISG?

Accepted Answer

To determine the governing law of the contract

Answer

To unify the substantive law governing international sales of goods

Answer

To protect consumers

Answer

To resolve disputes between parties in different countries