Drug Absorption and Distribution: Master the Basics for Pharmacy Students

Question 1

Which factor is NOT a determinant of drug distribution within the body?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Protein binding

Answer

Blood-brain barrier

Answer

Tissue perfusion

Question 2

Drug clearance refers to:

Accepted Answer

The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body

Answer

The concentration of the drug in plasma

Answer

The volume of distribution of the drug

Answer

The rate at which the drug is absorbed into the body

Question 3

The steady-state concentration of a drug is achieved when:

Accepted Answer

The rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

Answer

The maximum concentration of the drug in plasma is reached

Answer

The drug is completely distributed throughout the body

Answer

The drug is completely eliminated from the body

Question 4

Which of the following mechanisms involves the active transport of drugs across biological membranes, utilizing energy input?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 5

The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of a drug is an estimate of:

Accepted Answer

The volume of body fluid in which the drug is distributed

Answer

The amount of drug bound to plasma proteins

Answer

The rate of drug elimination

Answer

The bioavailability of the drug

Question 6

The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Total drug exposure

Answer

Drug bioavailability

Answer

Drug elimination rate

Answer

Apparent volume of distribution

Question 7

Which factor does NOT influence drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm

Answer

Drug formulation and properties

Answer

Blood perfusion at absorption site

Answer

Physicochemical properties of the drug

Question 8

Which route of administration generally results in the highest bioavailability of a drug?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Transdermal

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 9

Protein binding affects drug distribution primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Altering the fraction of unbound drug available for distribution

Answer

Increasing the rate of drug elimination

Answer

Decreasing the volume of distribution

Answer

Enhancing the penetration of drugs into tissues

Question 10

The first-pass effect refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Initial metabolism of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Elimination of a drug in the kidneys before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Distribution of a drug to tissues before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer

Binding of a drug to plasma proteins before it reaches the systemic circulation

Question 11

The rate of drug elimination is primarily determined by its:

Accepted Answer

Clearance

Answer

Half-life

Answer

Volume of distribution

Answer

Bioavailability

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a common route of drug administration?

Accepted Answer

Intraosseous

Answer

Topical

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Question 13

The volume of distribution of a drug represents:

Accepted Answer

The apparent volume in which the drug is distributed

Answer

The actual volume in which the drug is distributed

Answer

The concentration of the drug in the blood

Question 14

The elimination half-life of a drug is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The time taken for the concentration of the drug in the body to decrease by half

Answer

The time taken for the drug to be completely eliminated from the body

Answer

The time taken for the drug to reach its peak concentration in the body

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a known mechanism of drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Glucuronidation

Answer

Oxidation

Question 16

Define the role of passive diffusion in drug absorption.

Accepted Answer

Downhill movement of drug molecules from higher to lower concentration gradient

Answer

Active transport of molecules against a concentration gradient

Answer

Limited drug movement by diffusion

Question 17

How do first-pass metabolism and systemic availability differ in their significance?

Accepted Answer

First-pass metabolism reduces drug levels before systemic circulation, while systemic availability indicates the fraction of drug reaching circulation.

Answer

Systemic availability reflects drug absorption, while first-pass metabolism affects only drug excretion.

Answer

First-pass metabolism applies only to oral drugs, whereas systemic availability applies to all routes of administration

Question 18

Which of the following plasma proteins has the highest drug-binding capacity?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Answer

Globulin

Answer

Transferrin

Answer

Lipoprotein

Question 19

How does protein binding in plasma affect drug distribution in the body?

Accepted Answer

Reduces free drug concentration and prolongs drug half-life.

Answer

Has no effect on drug distribution

Answer

Increases free drug concentration and enhances tissue penetration

Question 20

What role does the blood-brain barrier play in drug distribution and its therapeutic implications?

Accepted Answer

Restricts certain drug entry into the brain, impacting their effectiveness in brain-related disorders

Answer

Allows rapid drug penetration into the brain, ensuring quick therapeutic response

Answer

Has no role in drug distribution to the brain

Question 21

What is a potential consequence of drug accumulation in the body?

Accepted Answer

Increased toxicity risk

Answer

No significant effects

Answer

Enhanced therapeutic benefits

Answer

Faster drug elimination

Question 22

Why is the understanding of drug absorption and distribution crucial in biopharmaceutics?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing drug delivery, predicting drug efficacy, and ensuring patient safety

Answer

Developing novel analytical techniques

Answer

Identifying new drug targets