Drug Metabolism and Excretion: Online Learning Quizzes for Biopharmaceutics Students

Question 1

Which type of transporter is responsible for the efflux of drugs out of cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters

Answer

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters

Answer

Voltage-gated channels

Question 2

Which of the following drugs undergoes extensive Phase I oxidation?

Accepted Answer

Paracetamol

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Digoxin

Question 3

Which transporter is involved in the excretion of organic anions from hepatocytes?

Accepted Answer

MRP2

Answer

OATP1B1

Answer

P-gp

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Faster elimination

Answer

Reduced drug efficacy

Answer

Increased drug toxicity

Answer

Drug-drug interactions

Question 5

Identify the primary enzyme family responsible for catalyzing phase I metabolism reactions:

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450)

Answer

Glucuronosyltransferases

Answer

Esterases

Answer

Sulfotransferases

Question 6

Which organ serves as the major route of elimination for most drugs and their metabolites?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Liver

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Skin

Question 7

Identify the drug that undergoes extensive glucuronidation as its primary metabolic pathway:

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Morphine

Answer

Amitriptyline

Question 8

Which of the following drugs is a known inducer of the CYP3A4 enzyme, potentially affecting the metabolism of co-administered drugs?

Accepted Answer

Phenytoin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Cimetidine

Answer

Valproic acid

Question 9

Which route of drug administration allows for the direct entry of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing first-pass metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Oral administration

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Answer

Transdermal administration

Question 10

CYP3A4 is a key enzyme involved in drug metabolism. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Metabolizing a wide variety of drugs, including steroids, antibiotics, and antidepressants

Answer

Metabolizing drugs during their first pass through the liver

Answer

Being exclusively expressed in the liver and intestine

Answer

Having its activity increased by consuming grapefruit juice

Question 11

What is the function of P-glycoprotein in drug transport?

Accepted Answer

Efflux transporter

Answer

Influx transporter

Answer

Passive transporter

Answer

Facilitated transporter

Question 12

For water-soluble drugs, what is the main route of excretion?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Answer

Pulmonary excretion

Answer

Fecal excretion

Question 13

What term describes the chemical modification of drugs within the body?

Accepted Answer

Biotransformation

Answer

Excretion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Question 14

Which of the following is CYP2D6 classified as?

Accepted Answer

Phase I enzyme

Answer

Phase II enzyme

Answer

Transporter

Answer

Receptor

Question 15

Which of the following is not a phase II metabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Glucuronidation

Answer

Sulfation

Answer

N-acetylation

Question 16

What is the primary mechanism of drug excretion in urine?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Answer

Active secretion

Answer

Passive diffusion

Question 17

Which enzyme family is primarily responsible for drug metabolism in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Answer

Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT enzymes)

Answer

Glutathione S-transferases (GST enzymes)

Answer

Phase II enzymes

Question 18

What is the main route of excretion for water-soluble drugs and their metabolites?

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Answer

Pulmonary excretion

Answer

Fecal excretion

Question 19

Which of the following is a common Phase II conjugation reaction in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Glucuronidation

Answer

Acetylation

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 20

What is the primary role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

To oxidize drugs to more polar and often inactive metabolites

Answer

To reduce drugs to inactive metabolites

Answer

To conjugate drugs with endogenous compounds

Answer

To transport drugs across biological membranes

Question 21

What are the two major pathways for drug elimination from the body?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism and excretion

Answer

Excretion and distribution

Answer

Metabolism and distribution

Answer

Excretion and absorption

Question 22

Which enzyme is chiefly responsible for Phase I metabolism of drugs, often resulting in their functionalization?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Answer

Sulfate transferase

Answer

Glutathione-S-transferase

Question 23

In humans, identify the primary pathway through which drugs are eliminated from the body:

Accepted Answer

Renal excretion

Answer

Pulmonary excretion

Answer

Biliary excretion

Answer

Hepatic excretion

Question 24

In the context of drug metabolism, what is the primary role of the liver?

Accepted Answer

It serves as the major site for drug metabolism.

Answer

It transports drugs exclusively to their sites of action.

Answer

It stores drugs for subsequent use.

Answer

It is the primary site for drug excretion.

Question 25

Identify the type of metabolite exemplified by Glucuronide:

Accepted Answer

Phase II metabolite

Answer

Phase III metabolite

Answer

Phase I metabolite

Question 26

How does an increase in drug metabolism generally affect its half-life in the body?

Accepted Answer

It decreases drug half-life.

Answer

It increases drug half-life.

Answer

It can either increase or decrease drug half-life.

Answer

It has no significant effect on drug half-life.

Question 27

Which of the following drugs is recognized as a substrate for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Paracetamol

Question 28

In the process of renal excretion, which mechanism is primarily responsible for the initial filtration of drugs and waste products from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular filtration

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport