Antihypertensive Drugs: Master Blood Pressure Medications for MPharm Students

Question 1

Which drug is a direct-acting renin inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Aliskiren

Answer

Captopril

Answer

Losartan

Answer

Verapamil

Question 2

Which antihypertensive drug is known to cause fetal abnormalities in pregnant women?

Accepted Answer

Captopril

Answer

Nifedipine

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 3

Which is a characteristic of centrally-acting antihypertensive drugs?

Accepted Answer

They act by inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system

Answer

They are associated with a high risk of orthostatic hypotension

Answer

They require titration to avoid excessive blood pressure reduction

Answer

They are commonly used as first-line therapy for mild hypertension

Question 4

Which drug is NOT a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

Verapamil

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Metoprolol

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Blockade of calcium channels

Answer

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Antagonism of alpha-adrenergic receptors

Question 6

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Hypertension

Question 7

Which class of antihypertensives is a direct-acting vasodilator?

Accepted Answer

Nitrates

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 8

What is an indication for the use of thiazide diuretics in the treatment of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Edema

Answer

Severe hypertension

Answer

Renal impairment

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

The primary mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors is to inhibit:

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Nitric oxide production

Question 10

A potential drug interaction with calcium channel blockers occurs with:

Accepted Answer

Digoxin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Antacids

Question 11

For patients with chronic kidney disease, a first-line antihypertensive drug is:

Accepted Answer

Enalapril

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Amlodipine

Question 12

The mechanism of action associated with direct renin inhibitors is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of renin release

Answer

Blockade of calcium channels

Answer

Activation of nitric oxide synthase

Answer

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 13

Which of the following is a loop diuretic used to treat hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Furosemide

Answer

Amiloride

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Spironolactone

Question 14

Which of the following is a vasodilator commonly used in hypertensive emergencies?

Accepted Answer

Sodium nitroprusside

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Terazosin

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 15

Which of the following statements about antihypertensive therapy is true?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss and exercise, are important adjuncts to pharmacological treatment.

Answer

Antihypertensive therapy is only necessary in severe cases of hypertension.

Answer

All antihypertensive medications have the same mechanism of action.

Answer

The goal of antihypertensive therapy is to completely eliminate blood pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme, leading to decreased angiotensin II synthesis

Answer

Blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors, resulting in vasodilation

Answer

Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, enhancing vasodilation

Answer

Inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase, altering ion homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle

Question 17

Which of the following is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker commonly used in the treatment of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Atorvastatin

Question 18

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with the use of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 19

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of thiazide diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Hyponatremia

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 20

Which of the following describes the primary mode of action of centrally acting antihypertensives?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system

Answer

Blockade of angiotensin-converting enzyme, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer

Activation of nitric oxide synthase, enhancing vasodilation

Answer

Inhibition of calcium channels, reducing vascular smooth muscle tone

Question 21

Which of the following is a clinical use of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia by relaxation of prostatic smooth muscle

Answer

Treatment of arrhythmias by stabilizing cardiac rhythm

Answer

Treatment of heart failure by improving cardiac contractility

Answer

Treatment of angina by increasing myocardial oxygen supply

Question 22

Which of the following potential drug interactions should be considered when prescribing ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of hyperkalemia when co-administered with potassium supplements

Answer

Increased risk of bleeding with aspirin due to inhibition of platelet function

Answer

Decreased efficacy of warfarin due to reduced protein binding

Question 23

Which of the following medications is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Methyldopa

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Atenolol

Answer

Amlodipine

Question 24

Which of the following laboratory parameters should be closely monitored in patients taking diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Serum electrolytes, particularly potassium and sodium levels

Answer

Liver function tests, as diuretics can affect hepatic function

Answer

Blood glucose levels, as diuretics may alter carbohydrate metabolism