Respiratory Diseases: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Master of Pharmacy Students

Question 1

In the management of mild persistent asthma, which medication class is recommended as the initial controller therapy?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) daily

Answer

Short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA) as needed

Answer

Leukotriene modifier daily

Answer

Long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) daily

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of short-acting β2-agonists in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Anti-inflammatory effects

Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Mucociliary clearance

Answer

Inhibition of mast cell degranulation

Question 3

What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the UK?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 4

In an otherwise healthy adult with suspected CAP, which of the following antibiotics is recommended as the empirical treatment choice?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Ceftriaxone

Question 5

What is the primary pharmacological mechanism of action of inhaled muscarinic antagonists (MAs) in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Mucociliary clearance

Answer

Anti-inflammatory effects

Answer

Cough suppression

Question 6

What is the main objective of pharmacotherapy for asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reduction in the frequency and severity of exacerbations

Answer

Complete elimination of all symptoms

Answer

Reversal of airway remodelling

Answer

Improvement in exercise tolerance

Question 7

Which of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when selecting an ICS for a patient with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Cost

Answer

Age

Answer

Severity of symptoms

Answer

Co-existing conditions

Question 8

What is the recommended duration of treatment for an acute exacerbation of COPD?

Accepted Answer

7 days

Answer

5 days

Answer

10 days

Answer

14 days

Question 9

Which type of pneumonia is characterized by consolidation in a single lung lobe and is acquired within 48 hours of hospital admission?

Accepted Answer

Hospital-acquired

Answer

Community-acquired

Answer

Ventilator-associated

Answer

Aspiration

Question 10

Why is a combination of a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) used to treat asthma?

Accepted Answer

To reduce inflammation and improve airway opening.

Answer

To increase the amount of both drugs that reach the lungs.

Answer

To lower the chances of side effects from each drug.

Answer

To make the LABA work faster.

Question 11

Which of the following is the primary mode of action of beta-2 agonists in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Histamine release inhibition

Answer

Mast cell degranulation

Answer

Leukotriene synthesis inhibition

Question 12

In COPD, which of the following is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)?

Accepted Answer

Tiotropium

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Formoterol

Answer

Ipratropium

Question 13

For community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which of the following antibiotics is typically the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Clarithromycin

Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 14

In the treatment of pneumonia, what is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Bacteriostatic

Answer

Bactericidal

Question 15

What is the primary mechanism of action of salmeterol, a long-acting beta2-agonist?

Accepted Answer

Relaxes airway smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

Answer

Blocks the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells

Answer

Increases mucus production in the airways

Answer

Inhibits the growth of bacteria in the respiratory tract

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a long-term effect of smoking on the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Improved lung function

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer

Lung cancer

Answer

Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections

Question 17

Which of the following mechanisms of action is associated with long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) in the treatment of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation through relaxation of airway smooth muscle

Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Inhibition of mucus production

Answer

Enhancement of mucociliary clearance

Question 18

Which of the following antibiotics is the recommended initial empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Clarithromycin

Answer

Levofloxacin

Question 19

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of nebulised bronchodilators?

Accepted Answer

Unstable angina

Answer

COPD

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 20

Explain how inflammation contributes to the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Accepted Answer

Inflammation causes airway narrowing, mucus buildup, and impaired gas exchange.

Answer

Inflammation is the sole cause of emphysema.

Answer

Bacterial infections are the only triggers of inflammation in COPD.

Answer

Inflammation naturally subsides in the advanced stages of COPD.

Question 21

A patient with severe asthma experiences frequent exacerbations despite regular inhaled corticosteroids. What is the most appropriate treatment strategy to consider next?

Accepted Answer

Adding a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) to their current regimen.

Answer

Switching to a different inhaled corticosteroid.

Answer

Increasing the dose of their inhaled corticosteroid.

Question 22

What is the primary pharmacodynamic effect of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

They suppress inflammation by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators.

Answer

They stimulate the production of mucus.

Answer

They directly relax bronchial smooth muscle.

Question 23

A patient with COPD experiences frequent exacerbations. Which medication is most likely to be prescribed to prevent future exacerbations?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA).

Answer

Inhaled short-acting beta2-agonist (SABA).

Answer

Theophylline.

Answer

Oral corticosteroids for long-term use.

Question 24

Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of COPD?

Accepted Answer

It involves airflow obstruction due to inflammation and destruction of the airways and lung parenchyma.

Answer

It is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and bronchospasm.

Question 25

A patient with community-acquired pneumonia is prescribed a macrolide antibiotic. What is a crucial consideration when choosing a macrolide for this indication?

Accepted Answer

The patient's history of allergies to other macrolides.

Answer

The patient's age.

Answer

The patient's gender.

Question 26

What is a potential adverse effect associated with long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Oral candidiasis (thrush).

Answer

Hypoglycemia.

Answer

Hypertension.

Answer

Increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Question 27

A patient with asthma is prescribed a combination inhaler containing a LABA and an inhaled corticosteroid. What is the primary rationale for using this combination?

Accepted Answer

To control both bronchospasm and inflammation.

Answer

To enhance the effectiveness of the LABA.

Answer

To reduce the risk of developing oral candidiasis.

Answer

To minimize the need for oral corticosteroids.

Question 28

Which symptom is a common presentation of an acute exacerbation of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Increased dyspnea.

Answer

Headache.

Answer

Decreased appetite.

Answer

Muscle weakness.

Question 29

A patient with pneumonia continues to have a persistent fever despite antibiotic therapy. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

Accepted Answer

Consider the possibility of a resistant organism and obtain cultures for sensitivity testing.

Answer

Increase the dose of the current antibiotic.

Answer

Switch to a different antibiotic without further investigation.

Question 30

Which factor is a potential risk factor for developing COPD?

Accepted Answer

Smoking history.

Answer

High blood pressure.

Answer

High cholesterol.

Answer

Diabetes mellitus.