Principles of Drug Action: Master the Mechanisms of Drug Effects

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a type of drug-receptor interaction?

Accepted Answer

Chemical Inactivation

Answer

Agonism

Answer

Antagonism

Answer

Partial Agonism

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of direct drug-receptor interaction?

Accepted Answer

Allosteric modulation

Answer

Agonism

Answer

Antagonism

Answer

Inverse agonism

Question 3

The term 'pharmacokinetics' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The study of drug movement and disposition within the body

Answer

The study of drug effects on the body

Answer

The study of drug metabolism

Answer

The study of drug interactions

Question 4

The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

The extent to which the drug is distributed throughout the body

Answer

The amount of drug in the body

Answer

The concentration of drug in the body

Answer

The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body

Question 5

Which of the following enzyme systems is responsible for the majority of drug metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Glutathione S-transferase

Answer

Monoamine oxidase

Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 6

The agonism of a drug refers to:

Accepted Answer

Binding to a receptor and activating a biological response

Answer

Binding to a receptor and blocking a biological response

Answer

Increasing the production of a receptor

Answer

Decreasing the production of a receptor

Question 7

The term 'adverse drug reaction' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Any harmful or unwanted effect of a drug

Answer

Only serious or life-threatening effects of a drug

Answer

Only predictable effects of a drug

Answer

Only dose-dependent effects of a drug

Question 8

Which of the following factors does **not** affect drug absorption?

Accepted Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Drug formulation

Answer

Drug solubility

Answer

Route of administration

Question 9

Which of the following mechanisms of drug action involves binding to receptors?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamic interaction

Answer

Biochemical modification

Answer

Physicochemical interaction

Answer

Physiological interaction

Question 10

The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Concentration in body tissues and fluids

Answer

Capacity to dissolve in water

Answer

Extent of binding to plasma proteins

Answer

Rate of elimination from the body

Question 11

The process by which a drug binds to and activates a receptor is known as:

Accepted Answer

Agonism

Answer

Competitive inhibition

Answer

Non-competitive inhibition

Answer

Antagonism

Question 12

The volume of distribution of a drug is a measure of its:

Accepted Answer

Apparent volume of distribution in the body

Answer

Actual volume of distribution in the body

Answer

Concentration in the plasma

Answer

Clearance from the body

Question 13

The half-life of a drug refers to the time required for its plasma concentration to decrease by:

Accepted Answer

50%

Answer

25%

Answer

75%

Answer

100%

Question 14

Which of the following routes of drug administration directly delivers the drug into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 15

The non-specific binding of a drug to plasma proteins is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Drug-protein binding

Answer

Drug-metabolite binding

Answer

Drug-receptor binding

Answer

Drug-enzyme binding

Question 16

The process by which drugs move from one compartment to another within the body is termed:

Accepted Answer

Distribution

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Excretion

Answer

Absorption

Question 17

A chemical entity that requires metabolic conversion to exert its pharmacological effect is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Prodrug

Answer

Active metabolite

Answer

Inactive metabolite

Answer

Bioprecursor

Question 18

Which type of receptor does NOT directly interact with G-proteins?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear receptor

Answer

Ion channel receptor

Answer

G protein-coupled receptor

Answer

Enzyme-linked receptor

Question 19

A patient is experiencing adverse effects from a drug. Which of the following pharmacokinetic processes is most likely contributing to the problem by causing increased drug exposure?

Accepted Answer

Decreased drug elimination

Answer

Increased drug distribution

Answer

Increased drug absorption

Question 20

Which of the following is the most common type of drug interaction that occurs when two drugs compete for binding to an enzyme, reducing the metabolism of one or both drugs?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic inhibition

Answer

Pharmacokinetic antagonism

Answer

Pharmacodynamic synergism

Answer

Additive effect

Question 21

The first-pass effect, which can reduce the bioavailability of orally administered drugs, primarily occurs in which part of the body?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Intestines

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Kidneys

Question 22

Which of the following is not a major factor influencing the distribution of drugs throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Drug color

Answer

Blood flow to the target organ

Answer

Tissue permeability

Answer

Plasma protein binding

Question 23

A drug that specifically targets and activates a particular receptor subtype, resulting in a desired therapeutic effect with minimal unwanted side effects, is described as:

Accepted Answer

Selective

Answer

Safe

Answer

Effective

Answer

Potent

Question 24

Which of the following is not commonly observed as a mechanism of drug action?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of gravity

Answer

Enzyme inhibition

Answer

Receptor activation

Answer

Ion channel modulation