Exercise Physiology Quizzes: Master the Science of Exercise

Question 1

For extremely brief, high-intensity activities lasting less than 10 seconds, which energy source is used exclusively by skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Glucose

Question 2

Which energy source is NOT primarily used during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Ketones

Question 3

Which factor has the least influence on substrate utilization during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Ambient temperature

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Training status

Answer

Hormonal profile

Question 4

During prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, which macronutrient is the primary energy source for the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fats

Answer

Creatine

Question 5

Which energy sources are primarily used by skeletal muscle during prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and fatty acids

Answer

Creatine phosphate and phosphocreatine

Answer

Glycerol and pyruvate

Answer

Glutamine and alanine

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a physiological adaptation to regular exercise training?

Accepted Answer

Reduced muscle mass

Answer

Increased capillary density

Answer

Decreased resting heart rate

Answer

Improved insulin sensitivity

Question 7

Which macronutrient is NOT a primary energy source for the body during high-intensity exercise?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 8

Which of the following is **NOT** a factor that influences the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during aerobic energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Environmental temperature

Answer

Type of fuel primarily utilized by the body

Answer

Intensity of exercise

Answer

Duration of exercise

Question 9

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which exercise training enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increased glucose uptake

Answer

Reduced fat oxidation

Answer

Decreased muscle protein synthesis

Question 10

In high-intensity exercise lasting less than 10 seconds, which energy system is the primary source of energy?

Accepted Answer

Phosphagen system

Answer

Glycolytic system

Answer

Oxidative system

Question 11

Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting muscle growth and aiding in muscle recovery after exercise?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Cortisol

Question 12

In high-intensity exercise of short duration, which energy source primarily fuels muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fat

Question 13

During prolonged exercise at a moderate intensity, which substance becomes the main energy source for skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 14

During prolonged, submaximal exercise, once glycogen stores are depleted, which substrate becomes the primary energy source for skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Protein

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 15

In prolonged, submaximal exercise, what is the main cause of neuromuscular fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of intramuscular acidity

Answer

Depletion of muscle glycogen

Question 16

Which respiratory adaptation occurs during prolonged exercise to meet the increased metabolic demands?

Accepted Answer

Increased tidal volume

Answer

Decreased respiratory rate

Answer

Reduced oxygen consumption

Question 17

In hot environments, during prolonged exercise, which mechanism is most crucial for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Sweating to promote evaporative cooling

Answer

Constricting blood vessels in the extremities

Answer

Shivering to produce extra body heat

Answer

Rapid breathing to boost oxygen intake

Question 18

In research settings, which technique is **primarily** employed to evaluate body composition?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer

Bod Pod

Answer

Skinfold calipers

Question 19

Which of the following factors has no impact on substrate utilization during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Altitude

Answer

Muscle fiber type composition

Answer

Exercise intensity

Answer

Training status

Question 20

Which hormone is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels during prolonged exercise by promoting glycogen breakdown and glucose production?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Question 21

During moderate-intensity exercise lasting several minutes, which energy source is NOT primarily utilized?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fat

Question 22

In skeletal muscle, which adaptation is crucial for boosting energy production during prolonged exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial density

Answer

Muscle hypertrophy

Question 23

Which cardiovascular adaptation resulting from aerobic training is the primary cause of the observed decrease in resting heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Increased vagal tone

Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Increased stroke volume

Answer

Reduced cardiac muscle mass

Question 24

In short-duration, high-intensity exercise, like a 100-meter sprint, which substance is the main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 25

As exercise intensity increases up to exhaustion, how does oxygen consumption typically change?

Accepted Answer

Increases linearly

Answer

Remains constant

Answer

Decreases

Answer

Is independent of exercise intensity

Question 26

During prolonged exercise in hot weather, which mechanism is primarily responsible for cooling the body?

Accepted Answer

Sweating

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 27

During prolonged exercise, the body gradually transitions from using carbohydrates to fat as its primary energy source. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Crossover effect

Answer

Glycogen depletion effect

Answer

Anaerobic threshold

Answer

Fat-burning zone

Question 28

During high-intensity exercise, which nutrient serves as the body's main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Minerals

Question 29

During prolonged submaximal exercise, which physiological adaptation occurs in the respiratory system to meet the increased metabolic demands of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased respiratory rate and depth

Answer

Decreased respiratory rate and depth

Answer

No change in respiratory rate or depth

Question 30

In high-intensity exercise lasting less than 10 seconds, what is the primary fuel source?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Fats

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 31

As exercise duration increases, the body's primary fuel source undergoes a shift. Initially, which fuel source is predominantly used, gradually decreasing as another fuel source becomes more utilized?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate to fat

Answer

Fat to carbohydrate

Answer

Carbohydrate to protein

Question 32

Which technique is considered the most accurate for assessing body composition, providing precise measurements of fat mass and lean body mass?

Accepted Answer

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

Answer

Skinfold Caliper Measurement

Answer

Anthropometric Measurements

Question 33

To determine the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and its impact on energy metabolism and substrate utilization during exercise, which research design is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

Randomized controlled trial (RCT) with participants randomly assigned to either a sleep deprivation group or a control group

Answer

Observational study comparing energy expenditure and substrate utilization between individuals with and without sleep deprivation

Answer

Systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on sleep deprivation and exercise physiology

Question 34

How do aerobic and anaerobic exercise differ in their effects on substrate utilization? Explain the metabolic adaptations that occur and discuss the implications for fitness and performance.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise enhances beta-oxidation enzyme activity, while anaerobic exercise inhibits it.

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic exercise produces more lactate than aerobic exercise.

Answer

Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise primarily rely on carbohydrate metabolism.

Answer

Aerobic exercise training does not impact anaerobic substrate utilization.

Question 35

Explain the physiological responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and their impact on energy metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and blood flow to muscles, enhancing oxygen and substrate delivery for energy production.

Accepted Answer

Elevated lactate levels, indicating anaerobic metabolism and potential fatigue.

Answer

Reduced blood flow to muscles, limiting substrate availability and impairing energy production.

Answer

Decreased glycogen utilization, promoting fat oxidation as the predominant energy source.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a primary energy source for muscular activity?

Accepted Answer

Amino Acids

Answer

Phosphocreatine

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Triacylglycerol

Question 37

Which component of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Lungs

Question 38

Which of the following factors does NOT influence cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Venous return

Question 39

Which type of muscle contraction involves lengthening while generating tension?

Accepted Answer

Eccentric

Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isokinetic

Answer

Concentric

Question 40

Which indicator of fitness is most closely related to aerobic capacity?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max

Answer

Lactate threshold

Answer

Heart rate variability

Answer

Anaerobic power

Question 41

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with excessive physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of injury

Answer

Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease

Answer

Improved flexibility

Answer

Enhanced mood

Question 42

Identify the primary energy substrate during intense exercise that lasts less than 10 seconds.

Accepted Answer

Phosphocreatine

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 43

Which hormone increases heart rate and contractility during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 44

What is the primary mechanism for maintaining pH balance during strenuous exercise?

Accepted Answer

Bicarbonate buffering

Answer

Phosphate buffering

Answer

Haemoglobin buffering

Answer

Protein buffering

Question 45

Characterize the type of muscle fibre that has a high fatigue resistance and low power output.

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IIa

Question 46

Identify the primary adaptive response to endurance training.

Accepted Answer

Increased mitochondrial volume and oxidative capacity

Answer

Enhanced oxygen delivery

Answer

Improved neuromuscular coordination

Answer

Increased muscle fibre recruitment

Question 47

Which method is commonly used to assess cardiovascular fitness?

Accepted Answer

VO2 max test

Answer

Grip strength test

Answer

Body composition analysis

Answer

Flexibility test

Question 48

Describe the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system during exercise.

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Decreases respiratory rate

Answer

Increases digestive activity

Question 49

Identify the primary function of the respiratory system during exercise.

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange (oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal)

Answer

Temperature regulation

Answer

Hormonal regulation

Answer

Fluid balance

Question 50

During high-intensity exercise lasting less than 10 seconds, which energy source is primarily utilized?

Accepted Answer

Creatine phosphate

Answer

Glycogen

Answer

Free fatty acids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 51

The process of delivering oxygen to working muscles is termed:

Accepted Answer

Circulation

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Diffusion

Question 52

Cardiac output is a measure of the:

Accepted Answer

Heart's pumping capacity

Answer

Stroke volume

Answer

Heart rate

Answer

Blood pressure

Question 53

Muscle fibre recruitment during exercise is known as:

Accepted Answer

Motor unit activation

Answer

Cross-bridge formation

Answer

Muscle twitch

Answer

Neuromuscular junction

Question 54

A measure of muscle strength is:

Accepted Answer

1-repetition maximum (1-RM)

Answer

Vertical jump height

Answer

Wingate anaerobic test

Answer

Cooper test

Question 55

The ability of a muscle to produce force quickly and repeatedly is known as:

Accepted Answer

Power

Answer

Strength

Answer

Endurance

Answer

Speed

Question 56

During high-intensity exercise, which substrate serves as the primary source of energy?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Lipids

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 57

Which hormone is the primary regulator of lipolysis and fatty acid release during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 58

Which of the following factors does not influence the increased heart rate observed during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased vagal activity

Answer

Increased sympathetic activity

Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Vasoconstriction

Question 59

What is the primary mechanism by which the body increases oxygen delivery to the muscles during exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased cardiac output

Answer

Increased blood volume

Answer

Decreased vascular resistance

Answer

Increased hematocrit

Question 60

What is the primary role of the Cori cycle in exercise metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of lactate to glucose in the liver

Answer

Conversion of fat to carbohydrate in the muscles

Answer

Conversion of protein to fat in the liver

Answer

Conversion of glucose to lactate in the muscles

Question 61

Which of the following is a common adaptation to high-altitude training?

Accepted Answer

Increased hemoglobin concentration

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Increased resting heart rate

Answer

Decreased capillary density

Question 62

How does exercise training impact blood vessel structure and reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Increases the number of capillaries and improves endothelial function

Answer

Increases blood vessel wall thickness and decreases vasodilation capacity

Answer

Has no impact on vascular function

Question 63

What is the primary role of the cardiovascular system during exercise?

Accepted Answer

To supply oxygen and nutrients to active tissues

Answer

To remove waste products from active tissues

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To control blood pressure

Question 64

What is the term for the temporary increase in oxygen consumption following exercise?

Accepted Answer

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)

Answer

Oxygen debt

Answer

Lactate threshold

Answer

Ventilatory threshold