Master Thermodynamics: Delve into Thermal Energy and Its Applications

Question 1

An ideal gas undergoes a process in which its entropy remains constant. This process is known as:

Accepted Answer

Isentropic

Answer

Isobaric

Answer

Isochoric

Answer

Isothermal

Question 2

Which of the following processes is considered reversible?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of gas molecules

Answer

Heating of a gas in a piston

Answer

Adiabatic compression of a gas

Answer

Irreversible heat transfer

Question 3

The efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between two reservoirs at temperatures T1 and T2 is given by:

Accepted Answer

1 - T1/T2

Answer

T1/T2

Answer

(T1 - T2)/T1

Answer

(T1 + T2)/T1

Question 4

A system that exchanges neither mass nor energy with its surroundings is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Isolated system

Answer

Closed system

Answer

Open system

Answer

Adiabatic system

Question 5

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder to a hotter object.

Answer

The entropy of an isolated system can decrease over time.

Answer

A heat engine can operate with 100% efficiency.

Answer

Energy can be created from nothing.

Question 6

Heat and work differ primarily because heat transfer:

Accepted Answer

Requires a temperature difference, while work does not.

Answer

Requires a force acting through a distance, while work does not.

Answer

Can only occur in closed systems, while work can occur in open systems.

Answer

Is always irreversible, while work can be reversible.

Question 7

According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, which of the following remains constant in an isolated system?

Accepted Answer

Total energy

Answer

Entropy

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Pressure

Question 8

Which condition must be satisfied for a heat engine to achieve maximum efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Reversible operation

Answer

Adiabatic operation

Answer

Isothermal operation

Answer

Isobaric operation

Question 9

A system is said to be in thermal equilibrium when its:

Accepted Answer

Temperature is uniform throughout

Answer

Pressure is constant

Answer

Chemical potential is equalized

Answer

Volume remains unchanged

Question 10

Which property measures the degree of molecular disorder in a system?

Accepted Answer

Entropy

Answer

Enthalpy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Specific heat

Question 11

In an endothermic reaction, the system's enthalpy change (ΔH) is:

Accepted Answer

Positive

Answer

Negative

Answer

Zero

Answer

Cannot be determined

Question 12

Which of the following is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to predict spontaneity?

Accepted Answer

Gibbs free energy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Helmholtz free energy

Answer

Enthalpy

Question 13

What is the SI unit of entropy?

Accepted Answer

Joule per Kelvin (J/K)

Answer

Joule

Answer

Kelvin

Answer

Watt

Question 14

The Gibbs free energy of a system represents:

Accepted Answer

The maximum amount of non-expansion work that can be obtained from the system at constant temperature and pressure.

Answer

The minimum amount of work that must be done on the system to change its state.

Answer

The change in internal energy of the system at constant volume.

Answer

The change in entropy of the system at constant temperature.

Question 15

The value of the Boltzmann constant is approximately:

Accepted Answer

1.38 x 10^-23 J/K

Answer

6.63 x 10^-34 J/s

Answer

8.31 J/mol K

Answer

2.99 x 10^8 m/s

Question 16

The enthalpy of a system is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The sum of the system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

Answer

The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from the system at constant temperature and volume.

Answer

The minimum amount of heat that must be added to the system to change its state.

Answer

The change in entropy of the system at constant pressure.

Question 17

Which statement is **NOT** a part of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Heat can be created or destroyed.

Answer

Heat is a form of energy.

Answer

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.

Question 18

What is the entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero, according to the Third Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Positive

Answer

Infinite

Answer

Negative

Question 19

What is the change in entropy of a system that absorbs heat Q at a constant temperature T?

Accepted Answer

Q/T

Answer

-T/Q

Answer

T/Q

Answer

-Q/T

Question 20

Which of the following is a thermodynamic property?

Accepted Answer

Pressure

Answer

Force

Answer

Acceleration

Answer

Velocity

Question 21

Define the Gibbs free energy.

Accepted Answer

The maximum amount of work that can be obtained from a system at constant temperature and pressure.

Answer

The minimum amount of work that must be done on a system to change its state.

Answer

The difference between the internal energy and the entropy of a system.

Question 22

What is the enthalpy of a system?

Accepted Answer

The sum of the internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.

Answer

The product of the internal energy and the pressure.

Answer

The difference between the internal energy and the product of pressure and volume.