Modern Political Thought: Explore Key Ideologies in Politics

Question 1

Identify the fundamental principle of liberalism.

Accepted Answer

Individual liberty

Answer

Government control of the economy

Answer

Guaranteed social equality

Answer

Nationalism

Question 2

Who is widely considered the pioneer of conservative thought?

Accepted Answer

Edmund Burke

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

John Locke

Answer

Jeremy Bentham

Question 3

Which feature is NOT characteristic of socialism?

Accepted Answer

Free market economy

Answer

Public ownership of industries

Answer

Emphasis on social equality

Answer

State provision of essential services

Question 4

What was the driving ideological force behind the rise of fascism?

Accepted Answer

Extreme nationalism

Answer

Individualism

Answer

Economic equality

Answer

Social justice

Question 5

Which concept is central to the Marxist analysis of capitalism?

Accepted Answer

Class struggle

Answer

Division of labour

Answer

Social contract

Answer

Free trade

Question 6

Which thinker advocated for utilitarianism as the basis of a state's principles?

Accepted Answer

Jeremy Bentham

Answer

John Stuart Mill

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Edmund Burke

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a core tenet of liberalism?

Accepted Answer

Collective ownership of property

Answer

Individualism and individual rights

Answer

Limited government intervention

Answer

Free market economy

Question 8

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of socialism?

Accepted Answer

Public ownership of key industries

Answer

Protection and expansion of private property

Answer

Laissez-faire economic policies

Answer

Concentration of wealth in the hands of the elite

Question 9

According to Karl Marx's theory of communism, what is the ultimate fate of the state?

Accepted Answer

It will eventually wither away due to the obsolescence of class divisions.

Answer

It will become increasingly powerful and oppressive.

Answer

It will be reformed into a benevolent dictatorship of the proletariat.

Answer

It will remain a central institution for maintaining social order.

Question 10

Classical liberalism emphasizes the protection of individual freedom. Which of the following is considered the most effective means to achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

Free market competition and limited government intervention

Answer

Government regulation of the economy and society

Answer

Collective bargaining and worker-owned cooperatives

Answer

Expansion of social welfare programs and government services

Question 11

How do the economic policies of fascism compare to those of communism?

Accepted Answer

Both fascism and communism support state control of key aspects of the economy.

Answer

Fascism advocates for a free market economy, while communism rejects it.

Answer

Communism is based on the principle of private property ownership, while fascism is not.

Answer

There is no fundamental difference in the economic policies of fascism and communism.

Question 12

Which of the following is a key assumption underlying socialist thought?

Accepted Answer

Society should be organized on principles of cooperation and solidarity.

Answer

Human nature is inherently selfish and competitive.

Answer

Economic inequality is an inevitable and desirable feature of human societies.

Answer

Private property is the foundation of a just and prosperous society.

Question 13

Identify the key principle of classical liberalism:

Accepted Answer

Individual freedom and limited government authority

Answer

Government intervention in the economy

Answer

Equality of outcomes

Answer

Rejection of private property rights

Question 14

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of fascism?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on individual rights

Answer

Nationalism

Answer

Anti-communism

Answer

Cult of personality

Question 15

What is the fundamental idea behind 'scientific socialism'?

Accepted Answer

Social progress guided by rational thinking and empirical evidence

Answer

Social change driven by class conflict

Answer

постепенная революция

Answer

The inevitability of a communist society

Question 16

Which thinker theorized the 'withering away' of the state?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Friedrich Hayek

Answer

Milton Friedman

Answer

Max Weber

Question 17

What is the central concern of the concept of 'social justice'?

Accepted Answer

Fair distribution of resources

Answer

Equality of opportunity

Answer

Legal accountability

Answer

Protection of individual rights

Question 18

What is the 'central paradox of liberalism'?

Accepted Answer

The inherent tension between individual liberty and societal order

Answer

The contradiction between free markets and social welfare

Answer

The conflict between equality and diversity

Answer

The dilemma of tolerating intolerance

Question 19

Identify a key distinction between collectivism and individualism:

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on individual rights versus community values

Answer

Role of government in society

Answer

Importance of tradition

Answer

Definition of freedom

Question 20

How do modern political ideologies shape the development and characteristics of nation-states?

Accepted Answer

Political ideologies provide foundational principles that guide the formation and governance of nation-states.

Answer

Nation-states solely determine the emergence and characteristics of modern political ideologies.

Answer

Modern political ideologies have no significant impact on nation-states in the present day.

Answer

The concept of the nation-state is entirely independent of modern political ideologies.

Question 21

Which of the following is a core principle of liberalism as outlined by John Stuart Mill?

Accepted Answer

Individual autonomy

Answer

Divine right of kings

Answer

State control of the economy

Answer

Collective ownership of property

Question 22

Who is widely regarded as the father of conservatism?

Accepted Answer

Edmund Burke

Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Niccolò Machiavelli

Answer

John Maynard Keynes

Question 23

Which of the following is a key tenet of socialism?

Accepted Answer

Redistribution of wealth

Answer

Unrestricted individual liberties

Answer

Divine right of rulers

Answer

Free market capitalism

Question 24

Which fascist ideologue emphasized the concept of the 'leader principle'?

Accepted Answer

Benito Mussolini

Answer

Vladimir Lenin

Answer

Mao Zedong

Answer

Joseph Stalin

Question 25

Which modern political ideology emphasizes the importance of social justice and equality?

Accepted Answer

Social democracy

Answer

Nationalism

Answer

Anarcho-capitalism

Answer

Neo-liberalism

Question 26

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy?

Accepted Answer

Social contract theory

Answer

Advocates for a laissez-faire economic system

Answer

Emphasizes the natural rights of individuals

Answer

Supports the divine right of kings

Question 27

Which modern political ideology is most closely associated with the concept of the welfare state?

Accepted Answer

Social democracy

Answer

Libertarianism

Answer

Classical liberalism

Answer

Fascism

Question 28

Which philosopher argued that individuals are naturally selfish and competitive?

Accepted Answer

Thomas Hobbes

Answer

Immanuel Kant

Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer

John Locke