Social Cognition: Understanding Social Perception and Attitudes

Question 1

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

Judging based on appearance

Answer

Overemphasizing the influence of personal characteristics

Answer

Ignoring situational factors

Answer

Attributing behavior to dispositional traits

Question 2

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a positive stereotype?

Accepted Answer

Accurate and beneficial

Answer

Accurate and harmful

Answer

Inaccurate and beneficial

Answer

Inaccurate and harmful

Question 3

Which theory of social cognition places emphasis on the role of schemas in organizing and interpreting information?

Accepted Answer

Schema theory

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Self-categorization theory

Answer

Attribution theory

Question 4

What is a key distinction between impression formation and person perception?

Accepted Answer

Person perception is holistic, while impression formation is piecemeal

Answer

Impression formation is based on internal factors, while person perception is based on external factors

Answer

Impression formation is more accurate than person perception

Answer

Impression formation occurs over time, while person perception is immediate

Question 5

Which of the following factors is **NOT** influential in our initial impressions of others?

Accepted Answer

Values

Answer

Physical presence

Answer

Behavior

Answer

Age

Question 6

Which theory suggests that attitudes originate from our lived experiences and observations?

Accepted Answer

Social cognitive theory

Answer

Expectancy-value theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Question 7

What is the cognitive operation by which we classify people into social groups based on perceived attributes?

Accepted Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Attributing

Answer

Perceiving

Answer

Comparing

Question 8

Which cognitive bias is implicated in the development and perpetuation of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

In-group favoritism

Answer

Hindsight bias

Answer

Availability heuristic

Question 9

Which theory emphasizes the link between attitudes and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Theory of reasoned action

Answer

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

Elaboration likelihood model

Answer

Social identity theory

Question 10

Which research method is best suited for examining the impact of culture on social cognition?

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural comparison

Answer

Experimental design

Answer

Case study

Answer

Observational study

Question 11

What is the fundamental difference between implicit and explicit attitudes?

Accepted Answer

Implicit attitudes automatically occur, whereas explicit attitudes require conscious thought.

Answer

Implicit attitudes are favorable, whereas explicit attitudes are negative.

Answer

Implicit attitudes are based on experience, whereas explicit attitudes are based on beliefs.

Answer

Implicit attitudes are unchangeable, whereas explicit attitudes can be altered.

Question 12

Which consequence is **not** associated with stereotyping?

Accepted Answer

Increased empathy

Answer

Prejudice

Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Social conflict

Question 13

According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, when individuals have high involvement and the ability to process information, they are more likely to engage in:

Accepted Answer

Central route processing

Answer

Peripheral route processing

Answer

Ignore the message

Answer

Form a negative attitude

Question 14

Which of the following is **not** a function of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

Promoting intergroup harmony

Answer

Cognitive simplification

Answer

Social control

Answer

Emotional regulation

Question 15

The self-serving bias refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

Attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors

Answer

Attribute negative outcomes to oneself and positive outcomes to external factors

Answer

Attribute all outcomes to oneself

Answer

Attribute all outcomes to external factors

Question 16

Which of the following is a key characteristic of implicit biases?

Accepted Answer

Automatic and unconscious

Answer

Explicit and deliberate

Answer

Easily modifiable

Answer

Based on rational and logical thinking

Question 17

The theory of planned behavior suggests that intentions are primarily determined by:

Accepted Answer

Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

Answer

Past behavior, personality, and social pressure

Answer

Cognitive beliefs, emotions, and motivations

Answer

Environmental cues, social norms, and genetic predispositions

Question 18

Which of the following is a method used to study **implicit** biases?

Accepted Answer

Implicit Association Test

Answer

Self-report surveys

Answer

Observation

Answer

Interviews

Question 19

The self-concept is:

Accepted Answer

A complex and dynamic system of beliefs about oneself

Answer

A stable and unchanging aspect of personality

Answer

Determined solely by genetics

Answer

Irrelevant to social behavior

Question 20

When we make judgments about a person based on their observable characteristics, such as appearance or behavior, we are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Person perception

Answer

Stereotyping

Answer

Group dynamics

Answer

Social comparison

Question 21

Which of the following cognitive biases can lead us to seek information that confirms our existing beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias

Answer

Availability heuristic

Answer

Illusion of control

Answer

Fundamental attribution error

Question 22

The process by which we develop an enduring evaluation toward an object, person, or concept is known as:

Accepted Answer

Attitude formation

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Attitude change

Answer

Stereotype formation

Question 23

The process of altering or modifying an existing attitude is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Attitude change

Answer

Social influence

Answer

Cognitive dissonance

Answer

Attitude formation

Question 24

Which type of social influence involves individuals conforming to the beliefs and behaviors of the majority?

Accepted Answer

Conformity

Answer

Obedience

Answer

Compliance

Answer

Groupthink

Question 25

The cognitive bias that leads us to view individuals from different social groups as more similar to each other than they actually are is called:

Accepted Answer

Outgroup homogeneity bias

Answer

In-group favoritism

Answer

Self-serving bias

Answer

Fundamental attribution error