Social Change: Causes, Consequences, and Impact on Society

Question 1

Which of the following is a key characteristic of modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

Societies progress through distinct stages of development.

Answer

Revolutionary change drives social transformation.

Answer

Social change is not inevitable.

Answer

Cultural factors are the primary drivers of social change.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a key aspect of a modern society according to modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

Preservation of traditional practices

Answer

Increasing urbanization

Answer

Rising literacy rates

Answer

Improved healthcare

Question 3

According to new social movement theory, which of the following is NOT a defining feature of social movements?

Accepted Answer

Led by influential leaders

Answer

Decentralized and loosely organized

Answer

Focused on specific issues or goals

Answer

Fluid and emergent

Question 4

In modern societies, what is a primary factor driving social change?

Accepted Answer

Advancements in technology and scientific understanding

Answer

Limited access to communication and transportation networks

Answer

Rigid adherence to traditional beliefs and practices

Answer

Prevalence of deeply ingrained religious dogma

Question 5

Who theorized that economic factors are the primary drivers of social change?

Accepted Answer

Karl Marx

Answer

Max Weber

Answer

Émile Durkheim

Answer

Talcott Parsons

Question 6

What is the defining characteristic that distinguishes social change from other sociological phenomena?

Accepted Answer

It is driven by complex interactions of internal and external factors.

Answer

It is a planned and deliberate process.

Answer

It is always a gradual and steady transformation.

Answer

It can have both positive and negative consequences.

Question 7

Which tenet is NOT central to Talcott Parsons' theory of social change?

Accepted Answer

Role of adaptive capacity in individual responses to social change

Answer

Growing structural differentiation in modern societies

Answer

Importance of shared values and norms for social stability and change

Answer

Need for harmonious integration among different societal components

Question 8

Within functionalist theory, which of the following is NOT identified as a primary catalyst for social change?

Accepted Answer

Cultural integration

Answer

Population shifts

Answer

Technological innovations

Answer

Social conflicts

Question 9

In a developing country, researchers observe a rapid increase in mobile phone and internet usage. Which factor, according to modernization theory, is most likely driving this change?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of technology

Answer

Limited education

Answer

Political instability

Answer

Cultural conservation

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary factor driving social change, according to established sociological theories?

Accepted Answer

Random chance

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Political revolutions

Answer

Population growth

Question 11

Which of these is not a primary theory of social change?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Functionalist theory

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Modernization theory

Question 12

Which of the following is **not** considered a key driver of social change according to functionalist theory?

Accepted Answer

Conflict within society

Answer

Population growth

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Environmental changes

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary driver of social change in sociological theory?

Accepted Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Government policies

Answer

Cultural shifts

Question 14

Which factor is NOT considered a significant contributor to social change according to modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

Population decrease, resulting in a shrinking workforce and fewer resources

Answer

Economic advancements, such as industrialization

Answer

Increased urbanization, leading to urban centers as hubs of change

Answer

Spread of ideas and innovations from one culture to another (cultural diffusion)

Question 15

Which factor is NOT typically considered a key driver of social change?

Accepted Answer

Societal harmony

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Cultural shifts

Answer

Resource distribution and power dynamics

Question 16

In sociological theory, which of the following is NOT considered a primary factor driving social change?

Accepted Answer

Climate change

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Cultural values and norms

Answer

Economic systems and policies

Question 17

Which factor is considered a primary driver of social change according to modernization theory?

Accepted Answer

Industrialization and technological advancements

Answer

Social inequality and class conflict

Answer

Migration and population growth

Answer

Changes in cultural values and beliefs

Question 18

Which of the following is a key characteristic of social change?

Accepted Answer

Social change entails alterations in societal structures.

Answer

Social change occurs abruptly.

Answer

Social change always brings positive outcomes.

Answer

Social change is solely driven by a single factor.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social change?

Accepted Answer

It is always positive and beneficial.

Answer

It is a natural and ongoing process.

Answer

It can be influenced by factors like technology and culture.

Question 20

Which characteristic is central to the 'new social movement' theory in the context of social movements and social change?

Accepted Answer

Focus on identity politics and cultural issues

Answer

Emphasis on traditional protest and mobilization

Answer

Reliance on hierarchical leadership and organizations

Answer

Economic inequality as the main driver of change

Question 21

In societies marked by significant social inequality, which of the following is a common impact on social change?

Accepted Answer

Exacerbation of social divisions and tensions

Answer

Increased social mobility and economic equality

Answer

Enhanced political participation and civic engagement

Answer

Reduced crime rates and social unrest

Question 22

Which sociological theory emphasizes the influence of conflict and power dynamics in driving social change?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Answer

Postmodernism

Question 23

In the context of social change, which cultural dimension is considered particularly significant?

Accepted Answer

Norms and values

Answer

Material objects

Answer

Language

Question 24

Which sociological perspective views technology's role in social change as the most problematic?

Accepted Answer

Conflict Theory

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic Interactionism

Question 25

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the resource mobilization theory in the context of social movements and social change?

Accepted Answer

Social movements utilize networks and collective action to achieve their objectives.

Answer

Social movements are led by charismatic leaders who inspire mass mobilization.

Answer

Social movements are primarily motivated by ideological or moral convictions.

Answer

Social movements are spontaneous and lack formal organization.

Question 26

In the early stages of life, which agent has the greatest influence on shaping an individual's cultural values, norms, and beliefs?

Accepted Answer

Family

Answer

School

Answer

Friends

Answer

Media

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a primary driver of social change?

Accepted Answer

Natural disasters

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Economic shifts

Answer

Cultural transformations

Question 28

In modernization theory, what is identified as the main factor driving social change?

Accepted Answer

Economic development

Answer

Political revolutions

Answer

Cultural diffusion

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a macro-level theoretical perspective on social change?

Accepted Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Conflict theory

Answer

Systems theory

Question 30

Which factors are primarily responsible for driving social change?

Accepted Answer

A combination of social, economic, political, and cultural factors

Answer

A single factor, such as economic or cultural factors

Answer

Technological advancements exclusively

Answer

The actions of influential individuals solely

Question 31

In sociological theories, which factor is generally NOT regarded as a primary driver of social change?

Accepted Answer

Individual choices and preferences

Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Significant natural disasters

Answer

Political revolutions and uprisings

Question 32

How do environmental factors shape social change? Analyze the ways in which environmental changes can impact societal structures, values, and lifestyles.

Accepted Answer

Environmental degradation can exacerbate social inequality and conflict.

Answer

Environmental factors have minimal influence on social structures, values, and ways of life.

Answer

Environmental protection efforts invariably lead to positive social outcomes.

Answer

Environmental change only affects present-day societies, with no long-term social consequences.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a recognized key factor driving social change?

Accepted Answer

Biological factors

Answer

Economic factors

Answer

Political factors

Answer

Cultural factors

Question 34

In navigating the ethical implications of social change, who shares the responsibility for ensuring just and equitable outcomes, and how can this responsibility be effectively implemented?

Accepted Answer

Shared responsibility between individuals and institutions

Answer

Exclusively the responsibility of experts and policymakers

Answer

Primarily the responsibility of individuals

Answer

Responsibility should be delegated to non-governmental organizations

Question 35

How do social institutions influence the preservation and potential transformation of societal norms and values?

Accepted Answer

Reinforce and transmit existing norms and values

Answer

Primarily challenge and alter existing norms and values

Answer

Have no significant impact on societal norms and values

Question 36

How do social movements contribute to social change?

Accepted Answer

Social movements can challenge and transform existing social systems and institutions.

Answer

Social movements focus on personal issues rather than societal concerns.

Answer

Social movements maintain a fixed agenda throughout their existence.

Answer

Social movements only use legal and institutional channels to achieve their goals.

Question 37

The process by which societies become more advanced, organized, and specialized is known as:

Accepted Answer

Modernization

Answer

Democratization

Answer

Industrialization

Answer

Globalization

Question 38

Which theory of social change emphasizes the role of conflict and competition?

Accepted Answer

Marxism

Answer

Functionalism

Answer

Symbolic interactionism

Answer

Structuralism

Question 39

The process by which global economic, political, and cultural forces interact and influence societies is known as:

Accepted Answer

Globalization

Answer

Internationalization

Answer

Transnationalism

Answer

Cosmopolitanism

Question 40

The concept of 'habitus' is central to the work of which sociologist in the study of social change?

Accepted Answer

Pierre Bourdieu

Answer

Anthony Giddens

Answer

Jürgen Habermas

Answer

Max Weber

Question 41

In what ways can social inequality, such as in terms of race, gender, or class, influence the nature and direction of social change?

Accepted Answer

Social inequality can accelerate social change by creating tensions and conflicts that drive change.

Accepted Answer

Social inequality can hinder social change by creating barriers that prevent marginalized groups from participating in and benefiting from change.

Answer

Social inequality has no significant impact on the pace and direction of social change.

Answer

Social inequality only leads to negative social change.

Question 42

According to Marxist theory, which factor is considered the primary driving force of social change?

Accepted Answer

Economic factors

Answer

Political ideology

Answer

Cultural norms

Answer

Technological advancements

Question 43

Modernization theory emphasizes which factor as essential for economic and social development?

Accepted Answer

Industrialization

Answer

Democratic institutions

Answer

Cultural diversity

Answer

Low population growth

Question 44

Which concept is central to symbolic interactionism?

Accepted Answer

Social construction of reality

Answer

Social stratification

Answer

Economic inequality

Answer

Political institutions

Question 45

Which type of social change is characterized by gradual, incremental shifts in society?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary

Answer

Revolutionary

Answer

Radical

Answer

Transformative

Question 46

Which is a key characteristic of a postmodern society?

Accepted Answer

Fragmentation and diversity

Answer

Emphasis on tradition

Answer

Economic stability

Answer

Strong political institutions

Question 47

How does social stratification shape the nature of social change?

Accepted Answer

By creating unequal opportunities and access to resources

Answer

By reinforcing cultural norms and values

Answer

By promoting social mobility

Answer

By fostering a sense of community

Question 48

How do government policies influence social change? Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of government interventions in areas like education, healthcare, and the economy.

Accepted Answer

Government policies can have both intended and unintended effects on social change.

Answer

Government policies always lead to positive social change.

Answer

Government policies are the only factor driving social change.

Answer

Government policies should never be used to influence social change.

Question 49

Which factor is NOT considered a primary driver of social change in the unit's curriculum?

Accepted Answer

Geographical factors

Answer

Economic factors

Answer

Political factors

Answer

Cultural factors

Question 50

According to the classical theory of unilinear social evolution, what is the correct sequence of societal stages?

Accepted Answer

Hunting and gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, industrialisation, post-industrialisation

Answer

Pastoralism, hunting and gathering, agriculture, industrialisation, post-industrialisation

Answer

Agriculture, hunting and gathering, pastoralism, industrialisation, post-industrialisation

Answer

Industrialisation, pastoralism, agriculture, hunting and gathering, post-industrialisation

Question 51

What is a potential consequence of rapid social change?

Accepted Answer

Social instability

Answer

Increased social unity

Answer

Economic growth

Answer

Political stability

Question 52

According to Giddens' structuration theory, what is the relationship between social structure and human agency?

Accepted Answer

Interdependent

Answer

Mutually exclusive

Answer

Independent

Answer

Unrelated

Question 53

To minimize negative effects and maximize positive outcomes of social change, which approach is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Implement change gradually, involving stakeholders in decision-making

Answer

Suppress opposition and implement change quickly to reduce resistance

Answer

Rely solely on expert knowledge and ignore public opinion

Question 54

Which is a key strength of dependency theory in explaining social change in developing countries?

Accepted Answer

Highlights the influence of external factors on social change

Answer

Offers a comprehensive analysis of social change

Answer

Can be applied universally to all developing countries

Answer

Predicts the future course of social change accurately

Question 55

Which of the following is a fundamental driver of social change, influencing the fabric of societies over time?

Accepted Answer

Technological advancements

Answer

Stable climatic conditions

Answer

Individual preferences that remain consistent

Answer

Unchanging cultural norms

Question 56

According to modernization theory, which factor is central to a society's progress towards development and societal transformation?

Accepted Answer

Industrialization

Answer

Deeply ingrained religious beliefs

Answer

High levels of educational attainment

Answer

Unwavering political stability

Question 57

Social movements, often driven by collective action, share certain defining characteristics. Which of the following is a key feature of a social movement?

Accepted Answer

Collective action

Answer

The use of violence as a primary strategy

Answer

Support limited to a small, exclusive group

Answer

Individualistic goals as the driving force

Question 58

Social change is not always smooth and straightforward, and various factors can hinder its progress. Which of the following is commonly recognized as a potential obstacle to social change?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to novel ideas

Answer

Technological innovations

Answer

Government support and encouragement

Answer

Periods of economic prosperity

Question 59

Conflict theory, proposed by sociologists like Karl Marx, emphasizes the role of conflict in shaping society. According to conflict theory, what is a primary source of social conflict?

Accepted Answer

Competition for scarce resources

Answer

Social harmony and the absence of conflict

Answer

Economic equality and equitable distribution of wealth

Answer

Shared values and consensus within society

Question 60

Cultural lag, a concept introduced by sociologist William F. Ogburn, refers to the uneven pace of change in different aspects of a society. Which of the following is an example of cultural lag?

Accepted Answer

Slow adoption of new technologies despite their availability

Answer

Increased government regulations to address societal issues

Answer

Rapid urbanization leading to strain on infrastructure

Answer

Falling birth rates as a response to changing economic conditions

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT a primary driver of social change?

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance

Answer

Political factors

Answer

Economic factors

Answer

Cultural factors

Question 62

According to modernization theory, what is considered the fundamental catalyst for social progress?

Accepted Answer

Industrialization and urbanization

Answer

Political revolutions

Answer

Technological innovation

Answer

Cultural diffusion

Question 63

What is the process by which cultural elements spread from one society to another?

Accepted Answer

Cultural diffusion

Answer

Socialization

Answer

Acculturation

Question 64

Which of the following characteristics is central to the definition of social movements?

Accepted Answer

Collective action aimed at social change

Answer

Formal organizational structure

Answer

Individualistic goals