Nucleic Acid Metabolism Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating DNA replication at the origin of replication in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase α

Answer

DNA polymerase δ

Answer

DNA polymerase ε

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 2

What is the primary function of the primase enzyme in DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize the initial short RNA primer

Answer

To remove primers from newly synthesized DNA

Answer

To join Okazaki fragments together

Answer

To proofread and repair newly synthesized DNA

Question 3

What is the primary importance of RNA splicing?

Accepted Answer

To remove introns from pre-mRNA

Answer

To add a poly(A) tail to the end of eukaryotic mRNA

Answer

To modify the chemical structure of RNA bases

Answer

To protect mRNA from degradation

Question 4

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA repair by base excision repair?

Accepted Answer

Endonuclease

Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 5

What is the primary function of telomerase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the shortening of telomeres during replication

Answer

To add nucleotides to the 3' end of the lagging strand

Answer

To proofread and repair newly synthesized DNA

Answer

To initiate DNA replication at specific origins

Question 6

Which type of RNA molecule is non-coding?

Accepted Answer

MicroRNA (miRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 7

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in initiating DNA replication by synthesizing RNA primers?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

DNA polymerase III

Answer

Helicase

Question 8

What primary function does telomerase serve in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Adding nucleotides to extend the ends of chromosomes

Answer

Initiating DNA synthesis at the origin of replication

Answer

Proofreading and correcting errors in DNA synthesis

Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Question 9

Which RNA polymerase is not found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase IV

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 10

What is the primary role of the spliceosome during RNA processing?

Accepted Answer

Removing introns from pre-mRNA

Answer

Adding a poly-A tail to the RNA

Answer

Capping the 5' end of the RNA

Answer

Translating the RNA into protein

Question 11

Which nitrogenous base uniquely replaces thymine in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Adenine

Question 12

What is the critical function of helicase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix

Answer

Elongating the new DNA strands

Answer

Proofreading and correcting errors in DNA synthesis

Answer

Joining the Okazaki fragments

Question 13

Which technique is commonly used for amplifying specific DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray analysis

Question 14

How do environmental factors influence gene expression? Provide specific examples to illustrate your answer.

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can influence gene expression through epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation or histone acetylation, which alter gene activity without changing the DNA sequence.

Answer

Environmental factors do not directly affect gene expression.

Answer

Environmental factors can only influence gene expression by modifying DNA sequences.

Answer

Environmental factors can influence gene expression only by altering RNA splicing.

Question 15

Which enzyme is responsible for initiating RNA synthesis by synthesizing RNA primers on the DNA template during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

DNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA polymerase present in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase V

Answer

RNA polymerase I

Answer

RNA polymerase II

Answer

RNA polymerase III

Question 17

What is the primary function of helicase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Unwinding the DNA double helix structure

Answer

Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand

Answer

Proofreading and correcting errors in the newly synthesized DNA strand

Answer

Joining fragments within the newly synthesized DNA strand

Question 18

What is the process called by which an RNA molecule is synthesized using a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Recombination

Question 19

Which of the following is a critical step in repairing double-strand breaks in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Recombination

Answer

Mismatch repair

Answer

Base excision repair

Answer

Nucleotide excision repair

Question 20

What is the primary function of telomeres in relation to DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Protecting the ends of chromosomes from degradation

Answer

Initiating the process of DNA replication

Answer

Proofreading and correcting errors in the newly synthesized DNA strand

Answer

Regulating gene expression by controlling access to the DNA

Question 21

Which RNA structure has a central role in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Transfer RNA

Answer

Messenger RNA

Answer

MicroRNA

Question 22

Which type of chemical modification is commonly found in tRNA molecules?

Accepted Answer

Methylation

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Acetylation