Adipose Tissue: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

Question 1

What distinguishes brown adipose tissue (BAT) from other types of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Abundance of mitochondria

Answer

Presence of unilocular adipocytes

Answer

Location primarily in subcutaneous tissue

Answer

Production of appetite-regulating hormones

Question 2

How does adipose tissue dysfunction contribute to the development of obesity and its metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue dysfunction releases pro-inflammatory adipokines, leading to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism.

Answer

Adipose tissue dysfunction is solely caused by excessive fat accumulation, with no impact on metabolic processes.

Answer

Adipose tissue dysfunction primarily affects lipid metabolism, with no significant impact on glucose homeostasis.

Answer

Adipose tissue dysfunction is reversible with lifestyle modifications, such as diet and exercise.

Question 3

What type of cells are primarily responsible for storing fat in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adipocytes

Answer

Fibroblasts

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the breakdown of stored fat in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 5

Which layer of adipose tissue is found immediately below the skin?

Accepted Answer

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

Answer

Visceral adipose tissue

Answer

Intramuscular adipose tissue

Answer

Periosteal adipose tissue

Question 6

What is the body's primary source of fatty acids for energy during periods of fasting?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Answer

Muscle tissue

Answer

Liver tissue

Answer

Brain tissue

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of brown adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Low blood supply

Answer

Abundant mitochondria

Answer

High metabolic activity

Answer

Significant role in thermoregulation

Question 8

Which of the following is the primary function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Storing energy as triglycerides

Answer

Producing hormones

Answer

Providing thermal insulation

Answer

Supporting immune responses

Question 9

Based on their color, adipocytes are categorized into which two primary types?

Accepted Answer

White and brown

Answer

Red and yellow

Answer

Light and dark

Answer

Green and blue

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a potential health risk associated with excessive adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Certain types of cancer

Question 12

What is the key structural difference between white and brown adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrial content

Answer

Lipid droplet size

Answer

Cellular morphology

Answer

Capillary density

Question 13

What is brown adipose tissue's role in thermogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Generating heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Storing excess energy as lipids

Answer

Releasing hormones that regulate metabolism

Answer

Insulating the body

Question 14

Adipose tissue secretes hormones that influence metabolism. Which hormones are these, and how do they affect metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

Leptin: Suppresses appetite, inhibits fat storage

Accepted Answer

Adiponectin: Enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes fatty acid breakdown

Answer

Ghrelin: Stimulates hunger, inhibits fat release

Answer

Estrogen: Inhibits fat breakdown, reduces energy expenditure

Question 15

Which imaging technique provides the most precise measurement of adipose tissue distribution for assessing metabolic risks?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a stated function of adipose tissue in this context?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Insulation

Answer

Hormone production

Question 17

What type of cell is predominant in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte

Answer

Fibroblast

Answer

Neuron

Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates lipolysis, the breakdown of fats, in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Growth hormone

Question 19

Which type of adipose tissue is characterized by large, unilocular adipocytes?

Accepted Answer

White adipose tissue

Answer

Brown adipose tissue

Answer

Beige adipose tissue

Answer

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

Question 20

What is a primary function of brown adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Thermogenesis

Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Insulation

Answer

Hormone production

Question 21

What is the role of preadipocytes in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into mature adipocytes

Answer

They regulate adipose tissue metabolism

Answer

They secrete hormones

Answer

They provide structural support

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a function of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Insulation

Answer

Hormone production

Answer

Energy storage

Question 23

What is the primary cell type found in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Adipocyte

Answer

Osteocyte

Answer

Chondrocyte

Answer

Fibroblast

Question 24

Which type of adipose tissue is primarily responsible for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

White adipose tissue

Answer

Brown adipose tissue

Answer

Yellow adipose tissue

Answer

Beige adipose tissue

Question 25

What is the primary hormone produced by adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 26

How does brown adipose tissue contribute to thermogenesis?

Accepted Answer

By uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation, generating heat instead of ATP

Answer

By releasing heat through the breakdown of glycogen

Answer

By storing more energy than white adipose tissue

Question 27

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with an abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Cardiovascular disease

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Obesity

Question 28

Which of the following is a potential therapeutic target for obesity treatment?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue lipolysis

Answer

Adipose tissue hyperplasia

Answer

Adipose tissue hypertrophy

Question 29

What is the difference between adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy involves an increase in the size of existing adipocytes, while hyperplasia involves an increase in the number of adipocytes

Answer

Hypertrophy is the process of adipocyte differentiation, while hyperplasia is the process of adipocyte death