Liver and Pancreas: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Question 1

Which histological change is characteristic of cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

Nodular regeneration with fibrosis

Answer

Hepatocyte hypertrophy without fibrosis

Answer

Marked inflammation with minimal fibrosis

Answer

Normal liver histology

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Oxygenation

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Detoxification

Answer

Hormone production

Question 3

The portal triad comprises which three structures within the liver?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic artery, bile duct, portal vein

Answer

Hepatic artery, lymph node, portal vein

Answer

Bile duct, hepatic vein, portal vein

Answer

Hepatocyte, Kupffer cell, stellate cell

Question 4

Which type of cell within the liver is responsible for phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Kupffer cells

Answer

Hepatocytes

Answer

Stellate cells

Answer

Endothelial cells

Question 5

The pancreas serves as both an exocrine and endocrine organ. Which of the following hormones is not produced by the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 6

A characteristic feature of pancreatic acinar cells is:

Accepted Answer

Zymogen granules

Answer

Basophilic cytoplasm

Answer

Brush border

Answer

Microvilli

Question 7

What is the primary role of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones

Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Answer

Storage of glycogen

Answer

Detoxification of blood

Question 8

How can hepatocytes be distinguished from cholangiocytes based on their functions?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocytes participate in metabolism, while cholangiocytes produce bile.

Answer

Cholangiocytes participate in metabolism, while hepatocytes produce bile.

Answer

Hepatocytes are exocrine cells, while cholangiocytes are endocrine cells.

Answer

Cholangiocytes are exocrine cells, while hepatocytes are endocrine cells.

Question 9

Mallory bodies are a histological feature characteristic of which liver disease?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic hepatitis

Answer

Viral hepatitis

Answer

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Question 10

What is the primary function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Answer

Synthesis of bile acids

Answer

Detoxification of ammonia

Question 11

Which cell type in the pancreas produces insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Alpha cells

Answer

Delta cells

Answer

Gamma cells

Question 12

What is the significance of the acinar structure of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Increases surface area for enzyme secretion

Answer

Facilitates hormone storage

Answer

Protects the organ from mechanical stress

Answer

Enhances blood supply

Question 13

Which of the following is a chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Gallstones

Answer

Jaundice

Question 14

What is the primary enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen phosphorylase

Answer

Glycogen synthase

Answer

Glucokinase

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphatase

Question 15

What is the primary function of the specialized hepatic macrophages known as Kupffer cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Bile production

Answer

Nutrient storage

Answer

Hormone synthesis

Question 16

What is the primary hormone released by the pancreas, crucial for glucose metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 17

Which type of pancreatic islet cell is responsible for secreting glucagon?

Accepted Answer

Alpha cells

Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Delta cells

Answer

F cells

Question 18

What is the main function of the muscular sphincter located at the junction of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct?

Accepted Answer

Prevents pancreatic juice reflux into the biliary system

Answer

Regulates bile flow into the duodenum

Answer

Controls blood flow to the liver

Answer

Facilitates digestion by releasing digestive enzymes

Question 19

What is the primary role of the common hepatic duct in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Collects and transports bile away from the liver

Answer

Carries pancreatic juice to the duodenum

Answer

Filters toxins from the blood

Answer

Stores bile before release

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Immune cell production

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Detoxification

Answer

Bile production

Question 21

What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the liver?

Accepted Answer

Hepatocyte

Answer

Kupffer cell

Answer

Cholangiocyte

Answer

Stellate cell

Question 22

Which component of the pancreas is responsible for producing digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine pancreas

Answer

Hepatic ducts

Answer

Endocrine pancreas

Answer

Gallbladder

Question 23

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal vein in the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Carries blood from the intestines to the liver

Answer

Carries oxygenated blood to the liver

Answer

Carries deoxygenated blood to the liver

Answer

Carries blood from the liver to the heart

Question 24

Which type of pancreatic islet cell is responsible for producing insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Answer

Delta cells

Answer

PP cells

Answer

Alpha cells

Question 25

Identify the duct that transports bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum:

Accepted Answer

Common bile duct

Answer

Pancreatic duct

Answer

Hepatic duct

Answer

Cystic duct