Nervous System Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Maintenance of balance

Answer

Control of skeletal muscle tone

Question 2

The myelin sheath is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Insulating axons and increasing conduction velocity

Answer

Generating action potentials

Answer

Transporting neurotransmitters

Answer

Protecting neurons from damage

Question 3

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in pain signal transmission?

Accepted Answer

Substance P

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

GABA

Answer

Serotonin

Question 4

The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to:

Accepted Answer

Relay sensory information to the CNS

Answer

Control voluntary movement

Answer

Regulate involuntary functions

Answer

Process higher-order cognitive functions

Question 5

Which type of neuron receives sensory stimuli and transmits them to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Afferent

Answer

Efferent

Answer

Interneuron

Answer

Motor neuron

Question 6

The structure responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid is the:

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Answer

Dura mater

Answer

Arachnoid mater

Answer

Blood-brain barrier

Question 7

Which of the following is a common type of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor function?

Accepted Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Epilepsy

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Question 8

The "fight-or-flight" response is primarily mediated by the activation of which autonomic nervous system division?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Enteric

Answer

Somatic

Question 9

Which type of tissue forms the protective layer surrounding the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Meninges

Answer

Neuroglia

Answer

White matter

Answer

Gray matter

Question 10

The area of the brain responsible for higher-order cognitive functions, such as memory and language processing, is the:

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Brainstem

Question 11

Which component is NOT part of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nerves

Answer

Brain

Answer

Spinal cord

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 12

The outer layer of the cerebral cortex, known as the ______, is responsible for higher-order cognitive functions.

Accepted Answer

Gray matter

Answer

White matter

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Cerebellar cortex

Question 13

Which function is attributed to the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of movement

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Processing of sensory information

Answer

Production of hormones

Question 14

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for controlling:

Accepted Answer

Involuntary actions

Answer

Voluntary actions

Answer

Skeletal muscle movements

Answer

Higher-order cognitive functions

Question 15

Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS is typically associated with:

Accepted Answer

Fight-or-flight response

Answer

Relaxation and digestion

Answer

Rest and sleep

Answer

Temperature regulation

Question 16

The neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 17

Which of the following accurately describes the primary function of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support and nutrients to neurons, and modulate neuronal activity

Answer

To generate and transmit electrical signals as neurons do

Answer

To protect the nervous system from invading pathogens

Answer

To control the permeability of the blood-brain barrier

Question 18

The cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the cerebrum, is divided into distinct regions known as lobes. Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Pontine lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 19

In the central nervous system, which neurotransmitter is recognized as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Question 20

The peripheral nervous system consists of two main divisions. Which of the following is NOT one of these divisions?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Question 21

Which part of the brain is the largest and most complex, responsible for higher-level cognitive functions?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 22

Which of the following functions is primarily associated with the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Controlling voluntary movements

Answer

Higher-level cognitive functions

Answer

Processing pain signals

Question 23

In the cerebral cortex, which lobe is responsible for processing and interpreting visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Temporal lobe