Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases: Online Quizzes and Study Materials

Question 1

During an outbreak of an emerging infectious disease, which ethical consideration is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring fair distribution of resources

Answer

Prioritizing individual patient rights

Answer

Respecting patient autonomy

Answer

Obtaining informed consent for all treatments

Question 2

The primary mode of transmission for the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus is:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory droplets

Answer

Contact with infected animals

Answer

Contaminated food or water

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 3

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), a pandemic is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

An outbreak that affects multiple countries or regions

Answer

An outbreak within a specific geographic area

Answer

An outbreak that causes a high number of deaths

Answer

An outbreak that is caused by a novel pathogen

Question 4

Which therapeutic intervention is primarily recommended for patients with severe SARS?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 5

Which of the following is a significant factor contributing to the re-emergence of infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

Increased global travel

Question 6

What is a unique characteristic of the Ebola virus compared to other filoviruses?

Accepted Answer

Its propensity to cause hemorrhagic fever

Answer

Its high mortality rate

Question 7

Which animal species is recognized as a primary reservoir for Nipah virus?

Accepted Answer

Bats

Answer

Pigs

Question 8

Identify the key risk factor associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).

Accepted Answer

Exposure to dromedary camels

Answer

Recent travel to Southeast Asia

Answer

Consumption of raw or undercooked poultry

Answer

Underlying medical conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Question 9

Which of the following clinical manifestations is a hallmark of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)?

Accepted Answer

Severe respiratory distress and low blood oxygen levels

Answer

Fever, muscle aches, and headache

Answer

Skin rash and conjunctivitis

Answer

Gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea and vomiting

Question 10

Select the primary mode of transmission for Zika virus infection.

Accepted Answer

Contact with an infected mosquito

Answer

Direct exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Sexual intercourse with an infected individual

Question 11

Which laboratory test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of MERS?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

Answer

Serological testing for antibodies against the virus

Answer

Histopathological examination of tissue samples

Answer

Viral culture to grow the virus in the laboratory

Question 12

Choose the most effective preventive measure against Zika virus infection.

Accepted Answer

Using insect repellent and wearing protective clothing

Answer

Receiving a vaccination against the virus

Answer

Avoiding travel to areas where the virus is prevalent

Answer

Taking antiviral medications as prophylaxis

Question 13

Name a key distinguishing feature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Accepted Answer

Ability to spread from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic individuals

Answer

Higher mortality compared to seasonal influenza

Answer

Unusually long incubation period

Answer

Specific vulnerability to young children

Question 14

Outline the recommended treatment strategy for severe COVID-19 cases.

Accepted Answer

A combination of the above approaches

Answer

Administration of antiviral drugs

Answer

Supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation

Answer

Use of corticosteroids

Question 15

Which characteristic does NOT typically apply to emerging infectious diseases?

Accepted Answer

They exhibit a prolonged incubation period.

Answer

They possess the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality.

Answer

They can spread rapidly across geographical boundaries.

Answer

They are newly identified or their incidence is rapidly increasing.

Question 16

The primary route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is through:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory droplets

Answer

Insect vectors

Answer

Blood transfusions

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Question 17

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)?

Accepted Answer

Fever accompanied by respiratory symptoms

Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea and vomiting)

Question 18

Among the treatment options for severe COVID-19 cases, which medication is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Remdesivir

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 19

Which factor is a significant contributor to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance?

Accepted Answer

Inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics

Answer

Increased availability of vaccines

Answer

Improvements in sanitation

Answer

Climate change

Question 20

A potential life-threatening complication associated with Ebola virus infection is:

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic fever

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Asthma

Question 21

In the context of emerging infectious diseases, what strategy is crucial for preventing their spread?

Accepted Answer

Surveillance and prompt response

Answer

Rapid development of new drugs

Answer

Public education campaigns alone

Answer

Isolation of infected individuals only

Question 22

A defining characteristic of re-emerging infectious diseases is that they:

Accepted Answer

Were previously controlled but have reappeared

Answer

Are exclusively transmitted through animal vectors

Answer

Are always newly discovered diseases

Question 23

A major challenge encountered in managing emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is:

Accepted Answer

Limited knowledge and resource constraints

Answer

Well-established treatment protocols

Answer

Effective vaccines for all diseases

Answer

Abundant availability of antiviral medications