Viral Pathogenesis: Mechanisms and Impact on Human Health

Question 1

Which of the following viruses is an example of a positive-sense RNA virus?

Accepted Answer

Poliovirus

Answer

HIV

Answer

Rabies virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 2

What is the primary mode of replication for enveloped viruses?

Accepted Answer

Budding and release

Answer

Attachment and penetration

Answer

Uncoating and transcription

Answer

Translation and assembly

Question 3

Which of the following factors is NOT a contributing risk factor for susceptibility to viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Socioeconomic status

Answer

Chronological age

Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Contact with contaminated surfaces

Question 4

Which of the following components is NOT present in a typical viral nucleocapsid?

Accepted Answer

Envelope

Answer

Genome

Answer

Capsid

Answer

Matrix protein

Question 5

Which replication strategy is utilized by the poliovirus?

Accepted Answer

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome

Answer

Negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome

Answer

Double-stranded DNA genome

Answer

Single-stranded DNA genome

Question 6

Which viral enzyme is essential for DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Reverse transcriptase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Integrase

Question 7

Which viral protein mediates the virus's attachment to host cells?

Accepted Answer

Envelope protein

Answer

Capsid protein

Answer

Genome protein

Answer

Matrix protein

Question 8

What is the main target cell for HIV-1?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Answer

B cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Epithelial cells

Question 9

Which of the following is not a characteristic of oncogenic viruses?

Accepted Answer

Are always DNA viruses

Answer

Encode oncogenes

Answer

Can transform normal cells into cancer cells

Answer

Can cause mutations in host cell DNA

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of viral infection that can cause persistent or chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Influenza

Answer

Mononucleosis

Answer

Common cold

Question 11

Which of the following describes a continuous viral presence WITHOUT establishing latency?

Accepted Answer

Chronic

Answer

Lysogenic

Answer

Episomal

Question 12

Which mode of transmission is most commonly associated with the spread of respiratory viruses?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation of aerosolized droplets

Answer

Contact with infected bodily fluids

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 13

Which component is a key player in the innate immune response to viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Interferons

Answer

Antibodies

Answer

Memory cells

Answer

Complement proteins

Question 14

Which virus is an example of a zoonotic virus?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

HIV

Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of action of antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the host immune response

Answer

Inhibiting viral attachment to host cells

Answer

Interfering with viral replication

Answer

Blocking viral assembly

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a key mechanism by which viruses cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Promoting cell growth

Answer

Damaging host cells

Answer

Blocking essential host functions

Answer

Inducing cell death

Question 17

Which viral structure is primarily responsible for attachment to host cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Answer

Envelope

Answer

Nucleic acid

Answer

Capsid

Question 18

Which type of viral replication involves synthesizing a DNA intermediate from an RNA genome?

Accepted Answer

Retroviral replication

Answer

Poxvirus replication

Answer

Picornavirus replication

Answer

Herpesvirus replication

Question 19

Which of the following viruses is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

HIV

Answer

Ebola virus

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cytolytic viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Release of progeny virions through host cell rupture

Answer

Latency

Answer

Budding

Answer

Chronic infection

Question 21

Which of the following is a type of antiviral medication?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Ivermectin

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which viruses cause disease?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of the immune response

Answer

Viral replication and spread

Answer

Direct cell damage

Answer

Altering host cell genetic material

Question 23

Which component of the viral envelope is responsible for attaching to host cells?

Accepted Answer

Viral glycoproteins

Answer

Nucleocapsid

Answer

Capsid

Answer

Lipid bilayer

Question 24

Which type of viral replication involves the formation of a double-stranded DNA intermediate?

Accepted Answer

Retroviral replication

Answer

Negative-strand RNA virus replication

Answer

DNA virus replication

Answer

Positive-strand RNA virus replication

Question 25

Which virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Ebola virus

Answer

HIV

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Question 26

What is a common symptom of viral gastroenteritis?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Fever

Answer

Rash

Answer

Cough

Question 27

Which antiviral drug directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Zidovudine

Answer

Ribavirin

Answer

Oseltamivir