Microarrays: Gene Expression Analysis and Genotyping Techniques

Question 1

What is a limitation of microarrays?

Accepted Answer

Limited dynamic range

Answer

High throughput analysis

Answer

Low cost

Answer

Wide applicability in research

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of microarray platform?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

cDNA microarrays

Answer

Oligonucleotide microarrays

Answer

Protein microarrays

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of a cDNA microarray?

Accepted Answer

To analyze gene expression patterns

Answer

To identify genetic mutations

Answer

To detect protein-protein interactions

Answer

To sequence genomes

Question 4

What is the term for the process of immobilizing DNA molecules onto a microarray slide?

Accepted Answer

Spotting

Answer

Hybridization

Answer

Washing

Answer

Scanning

Question 5

What is the main factor that determines the specificity of a microarray probe?

Accepted Answer

Complementarity to the target sequence

Answer

Length of the probe

Answer

GC content of the probe

Answer

Concentration of the probe

Question 6

Which of the following platforms is NOT a type of microarray technology?

Accepted Answer

Pyrosequencing

Answer

Affymetrix

Answer

Illumina

Answer

Agilent

Question 7

What is the primary purpose of utilizing a reference sample in a microarray experiment?

Accepted Answer

Normalize data between samples for comparison

Answer

Pinpoint differentially expressed genes

Answer

Confirm experimental results independently

Answer

Determine the absolute expression levels of genes

Question 8

Explain the fundamental principle behind competitive hybridization in microarrays.

Accepted Answer

Hybridizing two labeled samples to the same array, allowing them to compete for binding sites

Answer

Hybridizing labeled probes to an array designed to identify specific target sequences

Answer

Hybridizing unlabeled probes to the array to block binding sites intended for labeled probes

Answer

Hybridizing labeled samples to separate arrays and comparing the results

Question 9

How have microarrays transformed personalized medicine by enabling tailored treatment decisions?

Accepted Answer

Tailoring treatment decisions based on an individual's genetic profile

Answer

Automating drug discovery and development

Answer

Simplifying forensic DNA analysis

Question 10

What is the primary purpose of a cDNA microarray?

Accepted Answer

To measure gene expression levels

Answer

To detect genetic mutations

Answer

To identify protein-protein interactions

Answer

To study the structure of chromosomes

Question 11

Which labelling technique is most commonly used in microarray experiments?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescence labelling

Answer

Radioactive labelling

Answer

Enzymatic labelling

Answer

Chemiluminescent labelling

Question 12

What is the key advantage of microarrays over traditional gene expression analysis methods?

Accepted Answer

High throughput

Answer

Low cost

Answer

Accuracy

Answer

Specificity

Question 13

What is the main function of a scanner in microarray analysis?

Accepted Answer

To detect and quantify the labelled targets

Answer

To prepare the microarray slide

Answer

To amplify the target DNA or RNA

Answer

To analyse the microarray data

Question 14

What is the purpose of using a reference sample in microarray experiments?

Accepted Answer

To normalize the data and account for experimental variations

Answer

To identify non-specific binding

Answer

To detect cross-hybridization

Answer

To amplify the target DNA or RNA

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of microarray used in molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing microarray

Answer

cDNA microarray

Answer

Protein microarray

Answer

Tissue microarray

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a common type of microarray?

Accepted Answer

Protein array

Answer

cDNA microarray

Answer

Gene expression array

Answer

Genome-wide genotyping array

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of a hybridization step in microarray analysis?

Accepted Answer

To allow labeled probes to bind to complementary sequences on the array.

Answer

To differentiate between different types of molecules.

Answer

To remove non-specific binding.

Answer

To amplify the target DNA or RNA.

Question 18

What is the role of a reference sample in microarray analysis?

Accepted Answer

To provide a baseline for comparison and normalization.

Answer

To amplify the target DNA or RNA.

Answer

To identify differentially expressed genes.

Answer

To reduce background noise.

Question 19

What is a false discovery rate (FDR) in the context of microarray analysis?

Accepted Answer

The probability of identifying a false positive result as statistically significant.

Answer

The measure of the variability in the data.

Answer

The number of significant results obtained.

Answer

The probability of missing a true positive result.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT an application of microarrays?

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Genotyping

Answer

Gene expression profiling

Answer

MicroRNA analysis

Question 21

What is a key advantage of microarrays over other gene expression analysis methods?

Accepted Answer

High-throughput and ability to analyze multiple genes simultaneously.

Answer

Lower cost and ease of use.

Answer

Ability to detect rare transcripts.

Answer

Increased sensitivity and specificity.

Question 22

Which of the following is the primary purpose of microarrays?

Accepted Answer

Gene expression analysis and genotyping

Answer

Cell culture

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Protein purification

Question 23

What is the basic principle behind microarray technology?

Accepted Answer

Hybridization of labeled nucleic acids to complementary probes on a solid surface

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 24

What is the significance of background noise in microarray data?

Accepted Answer

It can reduce the accuracy and reliability of the analysis

Answer

It has no effect on the data quality

Answer

It enhances the sensitivity of the experiment

Question 25

What is the role of bioinformatics in microarray data analysis?

Accepted Answer

To process, analyze, and interpret the large datasets generated

Answer

To manufacture microarray chips

Answer

To design microarray experiments

Question 26

What is a key ethical consideration associated with the use of microarrays in medical research?

Accepted Answer

Privacy and confidentiality of genetic information

Answer

Reliability of results

Answer

Bias in data analysis

Answer

Cost-effectiveness