Autonomic Nervous System: Master Neural Regulation of Bodily Functions

Question 1

Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 2

Identify the neurotransmitter primarily responsible for mediating the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 3

What is the primary role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate relaxation and digestion

Answer

To mobilize the body for emergency situations

Answer

To regulate cardiovascular function

Answer

To control voluntary muscle movement

Question 4

Which of these is not a division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic

Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Enteric

Question 5

Which nerve plays a crucial role in the parasympathetic innervation of the heart, digestive system, and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve

Answer

Phrenic nerve

Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer

Trigeminal nerve

Question 6

Which mechanism primarily underlies the increased heart rate induced by sympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Direct stimulation of cardiac beta1-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Increased release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla

Answer

Blockade of parasympathetic inhibitory inputs

Answer

Activation of the vagus nerve

Question 7

Which of these is a common symptom associated with excessive parasympathetic activity?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Mydriasis

Question 8

Where are the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system located?

Accepted Answer

Adjacent to the target organs

Answer

Within the spinal cord

Answer

In the brainstem

Answer

In the thalamus

Question 9

Which hormone can trigger sympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Progesterone

Question 10

Which brain region plays a central role in coordinating autonomic responses to sensory stimuli?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Amygdala

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a way that higher brain functions can affect the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle tension in response to a burn

Answer

Increased heart rate and blood pressure when thinking about a stressful event

Answer

Sweating and muscle tension during an anxiety attack

Answer

Dry mouth during a public speaking event

Question 12

The neurotransmitter released by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons is:

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 13

Which part of the brain is responsible for integrating and coordinating autonomic nervous system responses?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Medulla oblongata

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Limbic system

Question 14

The pupillary light reflex, which adjusts pupil size in response to light intensity, is primarily mediated by the:

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer

Enteric nervous system

Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 15

The vagus nerve is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic visceral nerve

Answer

Sympathetic visceral nerve

Answer

Sympathetic somatic nerve

Answer

Parasympathetic somatic nerve

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is used to block the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Atropine

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Phenylephrine

Answer

Pilocarpine

Question 17

The enteric nervous system is:

Accepted Answer

A component of the peripheral nervous system

Answer

A division of the central nervous system

Answer

Independent of the autonomic nervous system

Answer

Responsible for voluntary control of bodily functions

Question 18

In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have:

Accepted Answer

Opposing effects on target organs

Answer

Cooperative effects on target organs

Answer

No significant effect on target organs

Answer

Varying effects depending on the target organ

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT released by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Nitric oxide

Answer

VIP

Question 20

Which division of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic

Answer

Parasympathetic

Answer

Enteric

Answer

Somatic

Question 21

Which of the following organs is NOT innervated by the vagus nerve?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Heart

Answer

Lungs

Answer

Stomach

Question 22

Which type of adrenergic receptor primarily mediates the effects of norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Alpha-1

Answer

Alpha-2

Answer

Beta-1

Answer

Beta-2

Question 23

Which of the following is a primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating digestion

Answer

Increasing heart rate

Answer

Dilating pupils

Answer

Contracting smooth muscle

Question 24

Where are the sympathetic ganglia located?

Accepted Answer

Along the sympathetic trunks

Answer

Within the brain and spinal cord

Answer

Near the target organs

Answer

Embedded within parasympathetic ganglia

Question 25

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

ATP