Neuroimaging Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Students

Question 1

Which type of EEG wave pattern is characteristic of deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Answer

Alpha waves

Answer

Beta waves

Answer

Theta waves

Question 2

Which option is NOT considered to be an application of neuroimaging in neuroscience?

Accepted Answer

Assessing patient preferences

Answer

Studying brain anatomy and function

Answer

Diagnosing neurological disorders

Answer

Predicting treatment outcomes

Question 3

In magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), what is the primary mechanism that generates contrast?

Accepted Answer

Chemical shift

Answer

Proton density

Answer

Relaxation time

Answer

Susceptibility

Question 4

Which functional neuroimaging technique measures changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)?

Accepted Answer

fMRI

Answer

PET

Answer

MEG

Answer

EEG

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of image registration in neuroimaging data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Aligning images from different modalities or time points

Answer

Segmenting brain structures

Answer

Performing statistical analyses

Answer

Visualizing neuroimaging data

Question 6

Which of the following is the primary contrast mechanism utilized in MRI?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic field gradients

Answer

Radiofrequency waves

Answer

X-rays

Answer

Positron emission

Question 7

Identify the neuroimaging technique employed for measuring real-time brain activity.

Accepted Answer

EEG

Answer

MRI

Answer

CT

Answer

fMRI

Question 8

What is the primary advantage of utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in neuroimaging?

Accepted Answer

Mapping of white matter fiber tracts

Answer

Enhanced spatial resolution

Answer

Improved temporal resolution

Answer

Measurement of brain metabolism

Question 9

Identify the potential ethical consideration that is NOT applicable to neuroimaging research.

Accepted Answer

Offering financial incentives for participation

Answer

Obtaining informed consent

Answer

Protecting data privacy

Answer

Ensuring responsible interpretation and use of results

Question 10

Explain the distinction between T1 and T2 weighting in MRI.

Accepted Answer

T1-weighted images provide higher contrast between gray and white matter, while T2-weighted images provide higher contrast between fluid and tissue.

Answer

T2-weighted images provide higher contrast between gray and white matter, while T1-weighted images provide higher contrast between fluid and tissue.

Answer

There is no difference in contrast between T1 and T2 weighting.

Answer

T1 images are more susceptible to motion artifacts compared to T2 images.

Question 11

Which neuroimaging technique detects brain activity by measuring changes in electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

EEG

Answer

MRI

Answer

CT

Answer

PET

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used contrast agent in MRI?

Accepted Answer

Barium sulfate

Answer

Gadolinium

Answer

Iodine

Answer

Manganese

Question 13

For functional neuroimaging, which MRI sequence is most suitable?

Accepted Answer

BOLD

Answer

T1-weighted

Answer

T2-weighted

Answer

Diffusion-weighted

Question 14

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is primarily used in neuroimaging for:

Accepted Answer

Assessment of white matter integrity

Answer

Detection of brain tumours

Answer

Evaluation of brain blood flow

Answer

Mapping brain connectivity

Question 15

Which neuroimaging technique is best suited for studying brain metabolism?

Accepted Answer

PET

Answer

MRI

Answer

CT

Answer

EEG

Question 16

The main benefit of using multi-modal neuroimaging is:

Accepted Answer

Improved accuracy in diagnosis

Answer

Reduced radiation exposure

Answer

Lower cost

Answer

Faster acquisition time

Question 17

Which neuroimaging technique provides the highest resolution images of brain anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a contrast agent used in MRI?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Answer

Iron oxide

Answer

Manganese

Answer

Gadolinium

Question 19

What is the fundamental principle underlying Computed Tomography (CT) scanning?

Accepted Answer

X-ray beam attenuation

Answer

Magnetic field manipulation

Answer

Electrical signal detection

Answer

Radioactive tracer detection

Question 20

What type of radiation is emitted by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners?

Accepted Answer

Gamma rays

Answer

X-rays

Answer

Radio waves

Answer

Ultrasound waves

Question 21

What is the primary function of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in neuroscience research?

Accepted Answer

Measuring changes in blood flow associated with brain activity

Answer

Visualizing brain anatomy in detail

Answer

Monitoring brain metabolism

Answer

Detecting electrical signals in the brain

Question 22

Which neuroimaging technique requires the injection of a radioactive tracer into the body?

Accepted Answer

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer

Computed Tomography (CT)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 23

What is the primary advantage of using contrast agents in neuroimaging?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing the visibility of specific tissues or structures

Answer

Reducing scan times

Answer

Minimizing radiation exposure

Answer

Improving image resolution

Question 24

Which of the following is a potential ethical concern related to neuroimaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

Privacy and confidentiality of patient data

Answer

Radiation exposure

Answer

Cost-effectiveness

Answer

Availability of expertise