Cardiovascular Pathology Quizzes - Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

What is the primary mechanism underlying hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased peripheral vascular resistance

Answer

Reduced cardiac output

Answer

Increased blood volume

Answer

Altered renin-angiotensin system function

Question 2

What type of immune cell is primarily involved in the inflammatory response to atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Answer

Neutrophil

Answer

Eosinophil

Answer

Basophil

Question 3

What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer

Supraventricular tachycardia

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Question 4

Which of the following imaging modalities is most useful for diagnosing coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Electrocardiography

Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 5

What is the main function of the renin-angiotensin system in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

To increase peripheral vascular resistance

Answer

To increase blood volume

Answer

To decrease blood volume

Answer

To decrease peripheral vascular resistance

Question 6

What is the primary goal of treatment for heart failure?

Accepted Answer

To alleviate symptoms

Answer

To improve cardiac contractility

Answer

To reduce preload

Answer

To reduce afterload

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

Answer

Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Answer

Cigarette smoking

Question 8

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for regulating blood vessel diameter through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Answer

Endothelium

Answer

Tunica adventitia

Answer

Tunica intima

Question 9

Which type of heart failure is characterized by preserved systolic function but impaired diastolic function, leading to elevated left ventricular filling pressure?

Accepted Answer

Diastolic heart failure

Answer

Systolic heart failure

Answer

Right-sided heart failure

Answer

Congestive heart failure

Question 10

What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol intake

Answer

Obesity

Question 12

What is the hallmark pathological finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Accepted Answer

Asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy

Answer

Dilation of the ventricular chambers

Answer

Fibrosis of the myocardium

Answer

Calcification of the heart valves

Question 13

What are the typical clinical manifestations of heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath with exertion, swelling (edema), and constant tiredness (fatigue)

Answer

Chest pain, irregular heartbeat (palpitations), and fainting (syncope)

Answer

Weight gain, high blood pressure (hypertension), and high cholesterol levels (hyperlipidemia)

Question 14

What is the primary role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

To increase blood pressure

Answer

To decrease blood pressure

Answer

To maintain electrolyte balance

Answer

To regulate heart rate

Question 15

Which of the following is a type of myocardial infarction (MI) characterized by ST-segment elevation on an electrocardiogram?

Accepted Answer

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Answer

Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)

Answer

Subendocardial myocardial infarction

Answer

Transmural myocardial infarction

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication specifically resulting from valvular heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Arrhythmias

Question 17

How are cardiomyopathies primarily classified?

Accepted Answer

By the heart's structure and function

Answer

By the cause of the disease

Answer

By when the condition starts

Answer

By available treatment options

Question 18

What is the primary cause of acute myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Myocarditis

Answer

Coronary vasospasm

Question 19

Which histological feature is characteristic of atherosclerotic plaques?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-rich core with a fibrous cap

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Fibrosis

Answer

Necrosis

Question 20

Which modifiable risk factor is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Age

Answer

Female gender

Question 21

What is the fundamental pathophysiological mechanism underlying heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Reduced cardiac output and impaired tissue oxygen delivery

Answer

Increased cardiac output and impaired tissue oxygen delivery

Answer

Reduced cardiac output and increased tissue oxygen delivery

Question 22

What is the most likely cause of sudden cardiac death in a young, competitive athlete?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer

Aortic dissection

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 23

Which histological finding is characteristic of rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

Aschoff bodies

Answer

Giant cell myocarditis

Answer

Fibrinoid necrosis

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 24

What is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Left-sided heart failure

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer

Sleep apnea

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 25

Which clinical feature is characteristic of acute pericarditis?

Accepted Answer

Sharp, pleuritic chest pain

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Orthopnea

Answer

Edema