Hematological Pathology: Blood and Blood-Forming Organs Pathology Quizzes

Question 1

Which of the following is **NOT** a classification of anemia based on its etiology?

Accepted Answer

Physiological anemia

Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Megaloblastic anemia

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 2

What is the characteristic **morphological** feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Philadelphia chromosome

Answer

Burkitt-like cells

Answer

Hodgkin cells

Answer

Reed-Sternberg cells

Question 3

What is the primary **diagnostic** criterion for hemophilia A?

Accepted Answer

Low factor VIII activity

Answer

Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

Answer

Reduced fibrinogen levels

Answer

Increased platelet count

Question 4

What is the hallmark **pathological** feature of sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Elongated and rigid red blood cells

Answer

Decreased hemoglobin production

Answer

Abnormal platelet aggregation

Answer

Increased white blood cell count

Question 5

Which of the following is a **common** clinical manifestation of acute leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Progressive fatigue

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Lymph node enlargement

Answer

Skin rash

Question 6

What is the main **technique** used for diagnosing hematological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow biopsy

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 7

Which of the following is a **neoplastic** disorder involving plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Myeloma

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Hodgkin disease

Question 8

Which technique has transformed the diagnosis of bleeding disorders by enabling the precise identification of genetic defects?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Immunohistochemistry

Answer

Southern blotting

Question 9

Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Polymerization of Hemoglobin S

Answer

Increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Elevated red blood cell count

Question 10

The presence of circulating blasts is most commonly associated with:

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Multiple myeloma

Question 11

The most prevalent genetic abnormality in acute myeloid leukemia is:

Accepted Answer

t(15;17)

Answer

t(8;21)

Answer

inv(16)

Answer

del(5q)

Question 12

Which type of hemolytic anemia results from an intrinsic defect in the red blood cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary spherocytosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 13

A bone marrow biopsy in a patient with multiple myeloma typically reveals:

Accepted Answer

Sheets of plasma cells

Answer

Increased megakaryocytes

Answer

Myelofibrosis

Answer

Extramedullary hematopoiesis

Question 14

The most common subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults is:

Accepted Answer

Precursor B-cell ALL

Answer

T-cell ALL

Answer

B-cell ALL

Answer

Burkitt lymphoma

Question 15

Which genetic mutation is the primary cause of polycythemia vera?

Accepted Answer

JAK2 V617F

Answer

BCR-ABL1

Answer

FLT3-ITD

Question 16

What is the recommended first-line diagnostic test for hemophilia?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation factor assay

Answer

Bone marrow biopsy

Answer

Peripheral blood smear

Answer

Molecular genetic testing

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells

Answer

Macrocytic, normochromic red blood cells

Answer

Normocytic, hyperchromic red blood cells

Answer

Poikilocytes

Question 18

What is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Immune thrombocytopenia

Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer

Hepatic failure

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 19

Which of the following is a type of myelodysplastic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Refractory anemia with excess blasts

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Question 20

What is the hallmark of pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Folate deficiency

Answer

Copper deficiency

Answer

Iron deficiency

Question 21

Which of the following is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Multiple myeloma

Question 22

A 65-year-old man presents with fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath. His blood tests show low hemoglobin and microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells. What is the most likely cause of his anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Answer

Hemolytic anemia

Question 23

A 25-year-old woman experiences frequent nosebleeds, easy bruising, and prolonged bleeding after dental procedures. Her platelet count is significantly reduced. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Answer

Von Willebrand disease

Answer

Hemophilia A

Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Question 24

A 4-year-old boy presents with recurring infections, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Blood tests reveal a low white blood cell count but a high proportion of lymphocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Answer

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 25

A 60-year-old man presents with painless lymph node enlargement, night sweats, and weight loss. A lymph node biopsy shows the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Answer

Multiple myeloma

Answer

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell lifespan

Answer

Painful vaso-occlusive crises

Answer

Sickle-shaped red blood cells

Answer

Increased risk of infection

Question 27

A 70-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weakness, and bone pain. Blood tests reveal high calcium levels and a monoclonal protein spike. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple myeloma

Answer

Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Answer

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Question 28

A 20-year-old man presents with fever, chills, and a sore throat. Blood tests reveal a high white blood cell count, predominantly neutrophils. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Acute bacterial infection

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 29

Which of the following is the most common type of leukemia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Question 30

A 55-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. His blood tests show an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a high white blood cell count with predominantly lymphocytes. A bone marrow biopsy reveals a monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma