Immunopathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Immune System Pathology

Question 1

In the adaptive immune response, which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Answer

T cells

Answer

Macrophages

Question 2

Which autoimmune disease is characterized by the presence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and can lead to hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Graves' disease

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Question 3

Which type of immunodeficiency disorder is primarily characterized by an inability to produce antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Primary antibody deficiency

Answer

Secondary antibody deficiency

Answer

Combined immunodeficiency

Answer

T-cell deficiency

Question 4

Which cytokine is a major contributor to the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis and is targeted by biologic therapies?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interleukin-2

Answer

Interleukin-4

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Question 5

Which immunodeficiency disorder is caused by a mutation in the RAG1 gene, leading to impaired lymphocyte development?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency

Answer

X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency

Answer

Hyper-IgE syndrome

Question 6

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE antibodies and typically involves mast cells, leading to immediate symptoms such as anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Question 7

Which diagnostic technique is commonly used to detect autoantibodies in the serum of patients with autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Serology

Answer

Biopsy

Answer

Flow cytometry

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 8

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Presence of antibodies targeting the body's own tissues

Answer

Elevated levels of cytokines

Answer

Tissue damage mediated by immune cells

Answer

Impaired T-cell function

Question 9

In the context of allergies, which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in mediating the immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Answer

IgA

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgM

Question 10

Which of the following is classified as a primary immunodeficiency disorder?

Accepted Answer

Common variable immunodeficiency

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 11

What is the main function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Presenting antigens to T cells

Answer

Engulfing and destroying pathogens

Answer

Producing antibodies

Answer

Mediating inflammatory responses

Question 12

Which of the following cytokines is involved in promoting inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Answer

Interferon-gamma

Answer

Interleukin-10

Answer

Transforming growth factor-beta

Question 13

What is the pathological hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Accepted Answer

Formation of immune complexes and their deposition in tissues

Answer

Destruction of blood vessels

Answer

Apoptosis of lymphocytes

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 14

What is the primary goal of vaccination?

Accepted Answer

To induce immunological memory and confer long-term immunity

Answer

To eliminate existing infections

Answer

To directly kill pathogens

Answer

To suppress the immune system

Question 15

A young woman experiences itchy, watery eyes and sneezing when exposed to pollen. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Eczema

Question 16

In the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which therapeutic approach holds promise by selectively regulating immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Antibody Engineering and Immunomodulation

Answer

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Answer

Broad-Spectrum Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Question 17

The primary function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is to:

Accepted Answer

Kill virus-infected cells

Answer

Secrete antibodies

Answer

Produce cytokines

Answer

Phagocytize foreign particles

Question 18

Which of the following autoimmune diseases primarily affects the joints?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Graves' disease

Question 19

The primary cause of primary immunodeficiency disorders is:

Accepted Answer

Genetic defects

Answer

Nutritional deficiencies

Answer

Exposure to environmental toxins

Answer

Aging

Question 20

Which of the following is a classic example of an immediate-type allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Answer

Serum sickness

Answer

Contact dermatitis

Question 21

The primary role of the thymus in the immune system is:

Accepted Answer

Production and maturation of T lymphocytes

Answer

Production of B lymphocytes

Answer

Maturation of macrophages

Answer

Regulation of immune responses

Question 22

Which of the following is a type of hypersensitivity reaction involving cytotoxic antibodies and complement activation?

Accepted Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type V

Question 23

Which autoimmune disorder is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies targeting the thyroid gland, including thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg)?

Accepted Answer

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Graves' disease

Question 24

Immunodeficiency disorders can result from defects in which of the following immune cell types?

Accepted Answer

T cells, B cells, and phagocytes

Answer

Erythrocytes and eosinophils

Answer

Plasma cells and neutrophils

Answer

Platelets and monocytes

Question 25

Which cytokine plays a critical role in mediating cellular immune responses and activating T cell proliferation?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2 (IL-2)

Answer

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)

Answer

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

Answer

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)

Question 26

Which of the following is a histological characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Presence of well-formed granulomas with central multinucleated giant cells

Answer

Lymphocytic infiltration with lymphoid follicles

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration without granuloma formation

Answer

Neutrophilic infiltration with abscess formation

Question 27

Immunohistochemistry is a laboratory technique primarily used for:

Accepted Answer

Localizing specific antigens within tissue sections

Answer

Analyzing cell surface receptors using flow cytometry

Answer

Measuring antibody levels in serum

Answer

Quantifying gene expression profiles

Question 28

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for the development of autoimmune diseases?

Accepted Answer

Genetic predisposition and familial history

Answer

Diet and nutritional habits

Answer

Physical activity and lifestyle

Answer

Age and hormonal changes

Question 29

The primary function of the thymus in the immune system is:

Accepted Answer

maturing T cells and educating their self-tolerance

Answer

producing antibodies and B cells

Answer

synthesizing cytokines and chemokines

Answer

storing and releasing memory T cells