Neurological Pathology Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

What is the predominant cause of ischemic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of an artery supplying blood to the brain

Answer

Rupture of a blood vessel in the brain

Answer

Formation of a blood clot within the brain

Answer

Inflammation of brain tissue

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 3

What is the hallmark pathological finding in multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

demyelination of nerve fibers

Answer

accumulation of amyloid plaques

Answer

formation of neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

loss of neurons in the substantia nigra

Question 4

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of amyloid protein in cerebral blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Amyloid angiopathy

Answer

Cerebral amyloid plaques

Answer

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Lewy bodies

Question 5

Which neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by progressive loss of motor function?

Accepted Answer

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer

Multiple sclerosis

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 6

Which of the following is a common cause of ischemic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Arterial embolism

Answer

Venous thrombosis

Answer

Vasculitis

Answer

Brain tumor

Question 7

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the accumulation of which abnormal proteins in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Tau and beta-amyloid

Answer

Alpha-synuclein

Answer

Huntingtin

Answer

Prions

Question 8

Which type of seizure is characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness and generalized tonic-clonic movements?

Accepted Answer

Grand mal seizure

Answer

Petit mal seizure

Answer

Focal seizure

Answer

Absence seizure

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter is primarily responsible for the inhibitory control of neural activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 10

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for language production?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Parietal lobe

Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 11

Which type of microscopy technique is used to visualize the ultrastructure of neural tissue?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopy

Answer

Light microscopy

Answer

Fluorescence microscopy

Answer

Confocal microscopy

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Traumatic brain injury

Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Question 13

What is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly population?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Vascular dementia

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 14

Which pathological feature is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Demyelination

Answer

Axonal loss

Answer

Neuronal apoptosis

Answer

Glial scarring

Question 15

Which imaging technique is most commonly used to diagnose brain tumors?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Lumbar puncture

Question 16

What is the term for the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Amyloidosis

Answer

Tauopathy

Answer

Synucleinopathy

Answer

Parkinsonism

Question 17

What is the main functional role of glial cells in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To provide structural support and protection

Answer

To transmit nerve impulses

Answer

To secrete hormones

Answer

To regulate immune responses

Question 18

What is the term for the damage to nerve cells caused by excessive levels of glutamate?

Accepted Answer

Excitotoxicity

Answer

Apoptosis

Answer

Necrosis

Answer

Ischemia

Question 19

What is the characteristic neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Synaptic loss

Answer

Glial activation

Answer

Neuronal loss

Question 20

Which type of glial cell is primarily responsible for myelin production in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Answer

Microglia

Answer

Astrocyte

Answer

Ependymal cell

Question 21

What is the presumed primary pathogenic mechanism in multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune demyelination

Answer

Neurotoxic insult

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Genetic mutation

Question 22

Which of the following is a key neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

Answer

Hippocampal sclerosis

Answer

Prion protein accumulation

Answer

Tau aggregation

Question 23

What is the defining neuropathological hallmark of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

Accepted Answer

Prion protein aggregates

Answer

Neurofilament inclusions

Answer

Alpha-synuclein deposits

Answer

Amyloid beta plaques

Question 24

Which neurotransmitter system is predominantly affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

Glutamatergic

Answer

Dopaminergic

Answer

GABAergic

Answer

Serotonergic

Question 25

What is the characteristic neuropathological feature of Huntington's disease?

Accepted Answer

Neuronal intranuclear inclusions

Answer

Lewy bodies

Answer

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Amyloid plaques

Question 26

Which of the following is a common histopathological consequence of prolonged seizures in status epilepticus?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampal neuronal loss

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer

Cerebellar atrophy

Answer

Glial proliferation

Question 27

What is the most common type of traumatic brain injury?

Accepted Answer

Concussion

Answer

Intracerebral hemorrhage

Answer

Diffuse axonal injury

Answer

Subdural hematoma