Respiratory Pathology Quizzes: Master Respiratory System Diseases

Question 1

Which characteristic is NOT associated with lobar pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Consolidation of an entire lobe

Answer

Neutrophilic inflammation

Answer

Pleuritic chest pain

Question 2

Which cell type predominates in the airways of patients with asthma?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 3

What is the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Occupational exposure to dust

Answer

Genetic factors

Question 4

What is the typical histological feature of lung adenocarcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Glandular differentiation

Answer

Squamous metaplasia

Answer

Neuroendocrine differentiation

Answer

Adenomatous hyperplasia

Question 5

Which exposure is a major risk factor for the development of pleural mesothelioma?

Accepted Answer

Asbestos

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Viral infections

Question 6

Which type of lung cancer is the most common?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Large cell lung cancer

Question 7

What is the most common cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Trauma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Drug overdose

Question 8

What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Legionella pneumophila

Question 9

What is the characteristic histological feature of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Increased alveolar size with destruction of alveolar walls

Answer

Thickening of the airway walls

Answer

Inflammatory cell infiltration

Answer

Mucus plugging of airways

Question 10

What is the primary histological feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fibrosis and honeycombing

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Vasculitis

Answer

Neoplastic proliferation

Question 11

What is the recommended first-line treatment for lung cancer with EGFR mutation?

Accepted Answer

Targeted therapy

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Immunotherapy

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a type of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Fungal lung infection

Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer

Viral pneumonia

Question 13

What is a key characteristic of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)?

Accepted Answer

Thickening of the alveolar walls and interstitium

Answer

Excessive surfactant production

Answer

Pronounced bronchial hyperresponsiveness

Answer

Increased mucus production

Question 14

Which of the following is the least common cause of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 15

Which type of asthma arises from an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Allergic

Answer

Non-allergic

Answer

Exercise-induced

Answer

Occupational

Question 16

Which of the following histological patterns is a hallmark of organizing pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Organizing plugs within alveoli

Answer

Interstitial fibrosis

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Answer

Necrosis

Question 17

What is the most prevalent type of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Small cell carcinoma

Answer

Large cell carcinoma

Question 18

Which type of cell in the lungs is primarily involved in the detoxification of harmful substances?

Accepted Answer

Clara cells

Answer

Mucus-producing cells

Answer

Immune cells

Answer

Surfactant-producing cells

Question 19

What histological feature is characteristic of diffuse alveolar damage?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline membranes

Answer

Interstitial fibrosis

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration

Answer

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 20

Which of the following is not an example of an interstitial lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Chronic bronchitis

Answer

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Question 21

What is the defining pathological feature of emphysema?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of alveolar walls, leading to abnormal enlargement of air spaces.

Answer

Inflammation of the airways, causing narrowing and increased mucus production.

Answer

Increased production of mucus within the airways, leading to obstruction.

Answer

Spasmodic contraction of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in airway narrowing.

Question 22

Which type of pneumonia is most frequently associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection?

Accepted Answer

Lobar pneumonia

Answer

Interstitial pneumonia, characterized by inflammation of the lung interstitium.

Answer

Bronchopneumonia, often caused by multiple pathogens.

Answer

Aspiration pneumonia, resulting from inhalation of foreign material into the lungs.

Question 23

What is the primary mechanism of airway obstruction in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm, caused by the contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi.

Answer

Swelling of the airway wall, narrowing the lumen.

Answer

Thickening of mucus within the airways, obstructing airflow.

Answer

Scarring and thickening of the airway walls, leading to irreversible narrowing.

Question 24

Which of the following conditions is a major risk factor for developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response to infection.

Answer

Smoking, a risk factor for chronic lung diseases.

Answer

Chronic bronchitis, characterized by persistent airway inflammation.

Answer

Asthma, a chronic inflammatory airway disease.

Question 25

What is a characteristic histological feature observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

Centriacinar emphysema, characterized by destruction of the respiratory bronchioles.

Answer

Panacinar emphysema, involving destruction of the entire acinus.

Answer

Interstitial fibrosis, scarring of the lung tissue.

Answer

Airway remodeling, involving structural changes in the airways.

Question 26

Which type of lung tumor is typically slow-growing and often spreads through lymphatic channels?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma, arising from glandular tissue in the lungs.

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma, originating from the epithelial lining of the airways.

Answer

Large cell carcinoma, a large, undifferentiated tumor with variable growth patterns.

Answer

Small cell carcinoma, an aggressive tumor with a high propensity for metastasis.

Question 27

What is the most prevalent histological type of primary lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma, accounting for the majority of lung cancers.

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma, a common type, but less frequent than adenocarcinoma.

Answer

Large cell carcinoma, a less common type of lung cancer.

Answer

Small cell carcinoma, a highly aggressive but less common form of lung cancer.

Question 28

Which condition is a common cause of pulmonary embolism, a blockage in the pulmonary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot forming in a deep vein, often in the legs.

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension, high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often a consequence of other conditions.

Answer

Atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat, which can increase the risk of stroke but not directly cause DVT.

Answer

Mitral valve stenosis, a narrowing of the mitral valve, impacting blood flow through the heart.

Question 29

What is the characteristic radiological finding in pneumothorax, a collapsed lung?

Accepted Answer

Radiolucency in the pleural space, indicating the presence of air in the space surrounding the lung.

Answer

Opacification of the lung parenchyma, suggesting consolidation or fluid accumulation.

Answer

Shift of the mediastinum, indicating pressure from the pneumothorax.

Answer

Thickening of the pleura, often associated with inflammation or infection.

Question 30

Which of the following respiratory infections is typically caused by a virus?

Accepted Answer

Influenza, a highly contagious viral infection.

Answer

Pneumonia, a general term for lung inflammation, with various causes.

Answer

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

Answer

Fungal pneumonia, caused by various fungal species.