Introduction to Cancer Chemotherapy: Learn the Basics of Cancer Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following describes a primary mechanism of action of cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Answer

Stimulation of tumor angiogenesis

Answer

Activation of immune response

Answer

Promotion of cell differentiation

Question 2

Which of the following severe adverse effects is associated with alkylating agents?

Accepted Answer

Myelosuppression

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Answer

Neurotoxicity

Answer

Cardiotoxicity

Question 3

What is the primary objective of adjuvant chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To prevent cancer recurrence

Answer

To cure cancer

Answer

To alleviate cancer symptoms

Answer

To enhance the immune response

Question 4

How do cell cycle-specific chemotherapy drugs differ from cell cycle-nonspecific drugs?

Accepted Answer

Cell cycle-specific drugs target only rapidly dividing cells, while cell cycle-nonspecific drugs target both dividing and non-dividing cells.

Answer

Cell cycle-nonspecific drugs target only rapidly dividing cells, while cell cycle-specific drugs target both dividing and non-dividing cells.

Answer

Cell cycle-specific drugs are more effective than cell cycle-nonspecific drugs.

Answer

Cell cycle-nonspecific drugs are more effective than cell cycle-specific drugs.

Question 5

What is the main advantage of targeted therapy in cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Specifically targets cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy cells

Answer

Increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs

Answer

Reduces the risk of drug resistance

Answer

Enhances the immune response against cancer

Question 6

Identify the predominant mechanism of action employed by the majority of cytotoxic chemotherapy medications?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Answer

DNA alkylation

Answer

Induction of apoptosis

Answer

Disruption of microtubule function

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the primary mechanism of action for alkylating agents in cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Alkylation of DNA bases, leading to DNA damage and cell death

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis by interfering with DNA polymerase function

Answer

Disruption of microtubule function, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

Answer

Activation of the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of alkylating agents?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of topoisomerase enzymes, leading to DNA damage

Answer

Alkylation of DNA, leading to cross-linking and strand breaks

Answer

Interference with microtubule assembly, leading to mitotic arrest

Question 9

Combination chemotherapy is frequently employed in clinical practice for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Adjuvant therapy

Accepted Answer

Neoadjuvant therapy

Accepted Answer

Palliative care

Answer

Single-agent treatment

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the immune system

Answer

Inhibiting DNA synthesis

Answer

Interfering with microtubule function

Answer

Inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an alkylating agent?

Accepted Answer

Cisplatin

Answer

5-fluorouracil

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

Tamoxifen

Question 12

Which of the following is a microtubule-stabilizing agent?

Accepted Answer

Paclitaxel

Answer

Vincristine

Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

5-fluorouracil

Question 13

Which of the following is a topoisomerase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Irinotecan

Answer

Cisplatin

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

Tamoxifen

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a potential limitation of cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

High cure rates

Answer

Lack of specificity

Answer

Development of drug resistance

Answer

Potential for long-term side effects

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a targeted cancer therapy?

Accepted Answer

Imatinib

Answer

Cisplatin

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

5-fluorouracil

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of action of cancer chemotherapeutic agents?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of immune response

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Answer

Disruption of microtubule function

Answer

Activation of apoptosis

Question 17

What is the primary target of alkylating agents used in cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 18

What is the main principle behind the mechanism of action of antimetabolites used in cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Blocking the synthesis of essential metabolites

Answer

Damaging DNA

Answer

Interfering with cell division

Answer

Promoting apoptosis

Question 19

What is the primary goal of neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the size of a tumor before surgery

Answer

To prevent the spread of cancer cells

Answer

To improve the patient's overall survival

Answer

To reduce the risk of recurrence

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced DNA repair

Answer

Reduced drug uptake

Answer

Increased drug efflux

Answer

Altered target site

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action of chemotherapy drugs used in cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis

Answer

Disruption of microtubule function

Answer

Induction of apoptosis

Question 22

A patient with breast cancer develops resistance to their current chemotherapy regimen. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely responsible for this resistance?

Accepted Answer

Increased expression of drug efflux pumps

Answer

Reduced cell cycle activity

Answer

Decreased expression of drug target

Answer

Increased activity of DNA repair mechanisms

Question 23

A patient receiving chemotherapy experiences severe nausea and vomiting. What is the most appropriate pharmacological intervention for managing these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Antiemetics such as ondansetron or aprepitant

Answer

Antidiarrheals to manage bowel movements

Answer

Antibiotics to prevent infection

Answer

Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Question 24

Which of the following chemotherapy drugs is most commonly associated with causing cardiotoxicity?

Accepted Answer

Doxorubicin

Answer

Methotrexate

Answer

Cyclophosphamide

Question 25

Combination chemotherapy is commonly employed in cancer treatment. Which of the following is a key benefit of combination chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the risk of drug resistance.

Answer

It always increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Answer

It is only used for solid tumors.

Answer

It eliminates the risk of adverse effects.

Question 26

Cyclophosphamide is commonly used in cancer chemotherapy. Which of the following chemical classes does cyclophosphamide belong to?

Accepted Answer

Alkylating agent

Answer

Vinca alkaloid

Answer

Antimetabolite

Question 27

Early detection and management of adverse effects is crucial in the care of patients receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following is a key principle of supportive care for patients undergoing chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Early detection and management of adverse effects

Answer

Avoidance of any physical activity to minimize fatigue

Answer

Aggressive use of antibiotics to prevent infections

Answer

Immediate discontinuation of chemotherapy at the first sign of toxicity