Antihypertensive Drugs Pharmacology: Learn About Blood Pressure Medications

Question 1

Which of the following drugs is a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer

Captopril

Answer

Diltiazem

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common type of calcium channel blocker?

Accepted Answer

Dihydropyridines

Answer

Phenylalkylamines

Answer

Benzothiazepines

Answer

Non-dihydropyridines

Question 3

Which class of antihypertensive drugs has been shown to protect kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Question 4

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer

Blockade of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Answer

Blockade of L-type calcium channels

Question 5

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Gout

Question 6

What is the primary indication for ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Angina pectoris

Question 7

Which of the following calcium channel blockers has the greatest negative inotropic effect?

Accepted Answer

Verapamil

Answer

Diltiazem

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Nifedipine

Question 8

What is the most common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Edema

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Bradycardia

Question 9

Which of the following drugs is a potent vasodilator?

Accepted Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Lisinopril

Answer

Furosemide

Question 10

What is the primary mechanism of action of alpha-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity

Answer

Blockade of calcium channels

Answer

Activation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme

Question 11

Which of the following drugs is a loop diuretic?

Accepted Answer

Bumetanide

Answer

Bendroflumethiazide

Answer

Spironolactone

Answer

Amiloride

Question 12

What is the primary advantage of using combination therapy for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased efficacy

Answer

Reduced adverse effects

Answer

Improved patient compliance

Answer

Lower cost

Question 13

Which of the following is **not** a mode of action of diuretics as antihypertensive drugs?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels in the smooth muscle of arterioles

Answer

Inhibition of Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Answer

Inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger in the proximal tubule

Answer

Antagonism of alpha-1 adrenoreceptors in the arterioles

Question 14

Which of the following beta-blockers is a **non-selective** agent?

Accepted Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Metoprolol

Answer

Carvedilol

Answer

Nadolol

Question 15

Which of the following adverse effects is **commonly** associated with the use of calcium channel blockers?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral edema

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Anorexia

Question 16

The **first-line** treatment for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease is:

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitor

Answer

Beta-blocker

Answer

Calcium channel blocker

Answer

Diuretic

Question 17

Which of the following factors is **not** a risk factor for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol intake

Question 18

The target blood pressure for **most** patients with hypertension is:

Accepted Answer

<130/80 mmHg

Answer

<120/80 mmHg

Answer

<140/90 mmHg

Answer

<150/100 mmHg

Question 19

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is **not** recommended for the prevention of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Increased saturated fat intake

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Weight loss if overweight or obese

Answer

Smoking cessation

Question 20

What is the primary mechanism of action by which diuretics lower blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Reducing blood volume by increasing urine output

Answer

Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibiting calcium influx into smooth muscle cells

Answer

Preventing the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 21

Which class of antihypertensive drugs is commonly used in the management of heart failure?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 22

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Answer

Polyuria (increased urine production)

Answer

Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood)

Answer

Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, and throat)

Question 23

Which type of calcium channel blocker exhibits selectivity for L-type calcium channels?

Accepted Answer

Verapamil

Answer

Amlodipine

Answer

Nifedipine

Answer

Diltiazem

Question 24

What is typically considered a first-line treatment option for mild hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

ACE inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 25

Which drug exerts its hypotensive effect primarily by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Clonidine

Answer

Propranolol

Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Losartan

Question 26

Which of the following conditions is considered a contraindication to the use of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Hepatic impairment

Answer

Renal impairment

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 27

What is a potential drug interaction that can occur when ACE inhibitors are used concurrently with potassium-sparing diuretics?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels in the blood)

Answer

Hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood)

Answer

Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels in the blood)

Answer

Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels in the blood)

Question 28

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of malignant hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Papilledema (swelling of the optic disc)

Answer

Hypovolemia (low blood volume)

Answer

Hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels)

Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Question 29

Which of the following is a non-pharmacological intervention that can help manage hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Losartan

Answer

Hydralazine

Answer

Propranolol