Digestion and Absorption: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Physiology Students

Question 1

Explain the pancreas's contribution to digestion, specifying the enzymes it releases and their specific functions.

Accepted Answer

Trypsin and chymotrypsin, released by the pancreas, begin protein breakdown in the duodenum.

Accepted Answer

Lipase, secreted by the pancreas, converts fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Answer

The pancreas secretes amylase, initiating carbohydrate digestion in the stomach.

Answer

Pepsin, released by the stomach, activates other digestive enzymes.

Question 2

What is the primary cause of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Immune reaction to gluten

Answer

Digestive enzyme deficiency

Answer

Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine

Question 3

Describe the hormonal and neural mechanisms involved in regulating gastric secretion and motility.

Accepted Answer

Gastrin release is inhibited by stomach distension and gastric pH.

Accepted Answer

Neural reflexes can increase both gastric secretion and motility.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the stomach in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Answer

Mechanical breakdown of food

Answer

Secretion of hydrochloric acid

Answer

Initiation of protein digestion

Question 5

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Protease

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Amylase

Question 6

In which part of the digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption take place?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Esophagus

Answer

Stomach

Question 7

Which hormone plays a key role in stimulating the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Gastrin

Question 8

What is the primary function of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Answer

Activation of pancreatic enzymes

Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Answer

Neutralization of stomach acid

Question 9

The primary function of the esophagus is to:

Accepted Answer

Transport food from the pharynx to the stomach

Answer

Digest carbohydrates

Answer

Store digestive enzymes

Answer

Absorb nutrients

Question 10

Which type of muscle contraction is characterized by sequential, wave-like movements that propel food along the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Answer

Mass movement

Answer

Segmentation

Question 11

What is a key role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Killing bacteria and activating pepsin

Answer

Absorbing nutrients

Answer

Neutralizing stomach contents

Answer

Emulsifying fats

Question 12

Which of the following accurately describes the primary function of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

Answer

Secretion of all digestive enzymes

Answer

Exclusive absorption of nutrients

Answer

Long-term storage of consumed food

Question 13

Identify the enzyme specifically responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach.

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Amylase

Answer

Trypsin

Answer

Lipase

Question 14

In which part of the digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?

Accepted Answer

Small intestine

Answer

Esophagus

Answer

Large intestine

Answer

Stomach

Question 15

Which hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating the secretion of gastric juices?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 16

Describe the primary function of bile in the digestive process.

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Answer

Breakdown of proteins

Answer

Absorption of carbohydrates

Question 17

Which of the following accessory digestive organs is the largest?

Accepted Answer

Liver

Answer

Pancreas

Answer

Spleen

Answer

Gallbladder

Question 18

Identify the final product resulting from the digestion of carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Fatty acids

Answer

Glycerol

Answer

Amino acids

Question 19

Which vitamin is absorbed in the small intestine in a fat-soluble form?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 20

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Answer

Secretion of digestive enzymes

Answer

Digestion of proteins

Answer

Storage of food

Question 21

Which of the following conditions is characterized by impaired nutrient absorption due to damage to the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Malabsorption syndrome

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 22

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for protein breakdown in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Answer

Lactase

Answer

Lipase

Answer

Amylase

Question 23

The primary site of nutrient absorption within the digestive system is the:

Accepted Answer

Small Intestine

Answer

Mouth

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Large Intestine

Question 24

Which of the following processes is NOT involved in the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of water

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Active transport of glucose

Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 25

What is the main role of bile in the digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Emulsification of fats

Answer

Neutralization of stomach acid

Answer

Activation of pancreatic enzymes

Answer

Breakdown of carbohydrates

Question 26

A patient presents with severe diarrhea and malabsorption. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease

Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of proteins

Answer

Production of vitamin K

Answer

Formation of feces

Answer

Absorption of water

Question 28

The primary propulsive movement of food through the digestive tract is called:

Accepted Answer

Peristalsis

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Churning

Question 29

Which of the following factors can influence the rate of gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Volume and composition of food

Answer

Sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Blood glucose levels

Answer

Ambient temperature

Question 30

A patient is diagnosed with lactose intolerance. What is the underlying physiological reason for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of lactase enzyme

Answer

Excessive production of stomach acid

Answer

Increased motility of the large intestine

Answer

Inflammation of the small intestine

Question 31

Which of the following statements regarding the role of the pancreas in digestion is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Answer

It secretes bile for fat emulsification.

Answer

It absorbs most of the nutrients from food.