Hormonal Regulation: Master the Endocrine System and Hormones

Question 1

Indicate the mechanism by which steroid hormones exert their effects:

Accepted Answer

Binding to nuclear receptors and modifying gene expression.

Answer

Binding to membrane receptors and activating intracellular signaling pathways.

Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze specific biochemical reactions.

Answer

Stimulating the formation of second messengers like cyclic AMP.

Question 2

Identify the hormone responsible for stimulating glucose release from the liver:

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Somatotropin

Question 3

Which type of hormone receptor is typically found on the plasma membrane of target cells?

Accepted Answer

G protein-coupled receptor

Answer

Nuclear receptor

Answer

Enzymatic receptor

Answer

Ion channel receptor

Question 4

Indicate the primary action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone metabolism:

Accepted Answer

Stimulates osteoblast activity and inhibits osteoclast activity, leading to bone formation.

Answer

Inhibits osteoblast activity and stimulates osteoclast activity, resulting in bone resorption.

Answer

Has no significant effect on bone remodeling.

Answer

Promotes the deposition of calcium salts in bone tissue.

Question 5

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

Select a symptom typically associated with hypothyroidism:

Accepted Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased heart rate

Answer

Elevated body temperature

Answer

Excessive sweating

Question 7

Indicate the primary role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of hormones:

Accepted Answer

Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Answer

Directly produces and secretes hormones into the bloodstream.

Answer

Acts as a target organ for hormones produced by the peripheral glands.

Answer

Stores and releases hormones in response to external stimuli.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of endocrine hormones?

Accepted Answer

Act as neurotransmitters

Answer

Released into the bloodstream

Answer

Target specific cells or organs via their receptors

Answer

Regulate various physiological processes

Question 9

Which type of hormone receptor is located within the target cell?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear receptor

Answer

G protein-coupled receptor

Answer

Ion channel receptor

Answer

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Question 10

Which of the following hormones plays a primary role in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature

Answer

Secretes hormones that regulate growth

Answer

Controls thyroid function

Answer

Produces antidiuretic hormone

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in hormonal regulation?

Accepted Answer

The release of a hormone inhibits its own secretion

Answer

The release of a hormone stimulates the release of another hormone

Answer

The release of a hormone is independent of its target organ

Answer

The release of a hormone is proportional to the concentration of its target hormone

Question 13

Which of the following endocrine disorders is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 14

Which hormone pair plays the primary role in regulating blood glucose levels? Describe how these hormones work together to maintain glucose homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer

Thyroid hormone and growth hormone

Answer

Cortisol and aldosterone

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which hormones exert their effects?

Accepted Answer

Directly binding to DNA

Answer

Altering gene expression

Answer

Activating second messengers

Answer

Modifying membrane permeability

Question 16

Which of the following is a primary endocrine gland?

Accepted Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Liver

Answer

Kidney

Question 17

What is the primary role of hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

To bind to hormones and initiate cellular responses

Answer

To store hormones

Answer

To produce hormones

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a lipid-derived hormone?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Question 19

What is the process by which signals from hormones are transmitted to intracellular targets?

Accepted Answer

Signal transduction

Answer

Hormone metabolism

Answer

Hormone release

Answer

Hormone binding

Question 20

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 21

What is the primary feedback mechanism that regulates hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Answer

Circadian feedback

Answer

Ultradian feedback

Answer

Positive feedback

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of digestion

Answer

Growth and development

Answer

Metabolic homeostasis

Answer

Reproduction

Question 23

Which of the following hormones stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

FSH

Answer

TSH

Question 24

Which of the following conditions is characterized by excessive thyroid hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 25

Which of the following is the primary target cell for growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

Chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate

Answer

Cells of the pancreas

Answer

Cells of the thyroid gland

Answer

Cells of the adrenal gland