Pituitary and Thyroid Hormones: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Physiology

Question 1

Which hormone triggers the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 2

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 3

A hormone responsible for growth and development produced by the anterior pituitary gland is:

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 4

The primary function of the thyroid gland is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate metabolism and body temperature

Answer

Produce red blood cells

Answer

Control calcium homeostasis

Answer

Maintain blood glucose levels

Question 5

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Question 6

The predominant cause of hypothyroidism is:

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disorders (e.g., Hashimoto's thyroiditis)

Answer

Iodine deficiency

Answer

Pituitary gland dysfunction

Answer

Thyroid cancer

Question 7

A typical symptom of hyperthyroidism is:

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate and restlessness

Answer

Weight gain and fatigue

Answer

Cold intolerance and dry skin

Answer

Hair loss and brittle nails

Question 8

The primary feedback mechanism regulating thyroid hormone secretion involves:

Accepted Answer

A negative feedback loop involving TSH and thyroid hormones

Answer

A positive feedback loop involving TSH and thyroid hormones

Answer

An autocrine feedback loop within the thyroid gland

Answer

A paracrine feedback loop between the thyroid gland and the pituitary gland

Question 9

The recommended treatment for hypothyroidism is:

Accepted Answer

Levothyroxine hormone replacement therapy

Answer

Antithyroid medications

Answer

Radioactive iodine therapy

Answer

Thyroid gland surgery

Question 10

The hormone critical for normal fetal brain development is:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 11

The primary function of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in relation to the pituitary gland is:

Accepted Answer

Secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Regulation of prolactin secretion

Answer

Control of thyroid hormone release

Answer

Stimulation of growth hormone production

Question 12

Explain how thyroid hormones influence metabolic rate and nervous system development. Provide specific examples of target tissues and describe their responses to thyroid hormone action.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones elevate metabolic rate by enhancing glucose uptake and oxidation in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle and liver.

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormones facilitate neural development by promoting myelination and synapse formation, particularly in the developing brain.

Answer

Thyroid hormones stimulate growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland, contributing to overall growth and development.

Answer

Thyroid hormones have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate and contractility.

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes the process of growth hormone biosynthesis and secretion in the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone.

Answer

Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone.

Answer

Growth hormone is synthesized in the posterior pituitary gland and transported to the anterior pituitary gland for secretion.

Answer

The secretion of growth hormone is not regulated by any hypothalamic hormones.

Question 14

Which hormone triggers the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of thyroid hormones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting bone resorption

Answer

Stimulating oxygen consumption and heat production

Answer

Promoting protein synthesis and muscle growth

Question 16

Explain the role of somatostatin in regulating growth hormone secretion. Discuss how imbalances in somatostatin levels can contribute to growth disorders.

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin inhibits growth hormone secretion. Its deficiency causes excessive growth hormone, leading to gigantism.

Answer

Somatostatin stimulates growth hormone secretion. Its excess causes gigantism, while its deficiency causes dwarfism.

Answer

Somatostatin does not significantly affect growth hormone secretion.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

ADH

Answer

LH

Answer

GH

Answer

ACTH

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine?

Accepted Answer

TSH

Answer

PRL

Answer

LH

Answer

GH

Question 19

Which hormone regulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

GHRH

Answer

TRH

Answer

CRH

Answer

PRH

Question 20

Which hormone is released in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

LH

Answer

TSH

Answer

FSH

Question 21

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulating pituitary hormone release

Answer

Storing glucose

Answer

Filtering waste products

Answer

Producing red blood cells

Question 22

A 25-year-old patient presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and high blood glucose levels. Which pituitary hormone deficiency is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin (ADH)

Answer

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 23

Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for stimulating the production and release of thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 24

A patient with hypothyroidism presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Which of the following laboratory results would be most consistent with this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Elevated TSH, Decreased T3 and T4

Answer

Decreased TSH, Decreased T3 and T4

Answer

Decreased TSH, Elevated T3 and T4

Answer

Elevated TSH, Elevated T3 and T4

Question 25

Which of the following is a primary function of Growth Hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates protein synthesis and cell growth

Answer

Regulates calcium levels in the blood

Answer

Controls the production of cortisol

Answer

Stimulates milk production in mammary glands

Question 26

Excess production of which hormone can lead to acromegaly in adults?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer

Oxytocin

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 27

What is the primary mechanism of action of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) within target cells?

Accepted Answer

Bind to intracellular receptors that regulate gene expression

Answer

Act as second messengers within the cytoplasm

Answer

Bind to cell surface receptors and activate G-protein coupled pathways

Question 28

Which of the following is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Increased heart rate (tachycardia)

Answer

Bradycardia (slow heart rate)

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Weight gain

Question 29

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the production of cortisol by the adrenal glands?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Answer

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Answer

Prolactin

Question 30

Iodine deficiency can lead to which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

Answer

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's Syndrome

Question 31

A patient with a pituitary tumor that compresses the surrounding tissue is at risk of developing which condition due to decreased hormone production from neighboring cells?

Accepted Answer

Hypopituitarism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Answer

Cushing's Syndrome

Answer

Acromegaly