Data Analysis in Quantitative Research Quizzes - Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which measure of central tendency, among the following, is least affected by extreme values or outliers?

Accepted Answer

Median

Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Range

Question 2

The main purpose of a confidence interval is to:

Accepted Answer

Estimate the true population mean with a certain level of confidence.

Answer

Test the significance of a difference between groups.

Answer

Predict the value of a dependent variable.

Answer

Calculate the effect size.

Question 3

Which statistical test is commonly used to determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between two continuous variables?

Accepted Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Question 4

Multiple linear regression is a statistical technique used to predict a:

Accepted Answer

Continuous dependent variable from one or more continuous independent variables

Answer

Categorical dependent variable from one or more categorical independent variables

Answer

Continuous dependent variable from one or more categorical independent variables

Answer

Categorical dependent variable from one or more continuous independent variables

Question 5

In hypothesis testing, a p-value less than 0.05 typically indicates:

Accepted Answer

A statistically significant difference between the groups being compared

Answer

A statistically insignificant difference between the groups being compared

Answer

The results are inconclusive

Answer

The sample size is too small

Question 6

Log transformation is a technique commonly used to normalize:

Accepted Answer

Skewed data

Answer

Normally distributed data

Answer

Bimodal data

Answer

Outliers

Question 7

In data analysis, an outlier refers to a data point that:

Accepted Answer

Is significantly different from the rest of the data

Answer

Is missing

Answer

Is incorrect

Answer

Is normal

Question 8

In a multiple linear regression model, the variable being predicted is called the:

Accepted Answer

Dependent variable

Answer

Independent variable

Answer

Moderator variable

Answer

Control variable

Question 9

Which statistical test is used to examine the relationship between two categorical variables?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

T-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 10

The primary purpose of a scatterplot in data analysis is to:

Accepted Answer

Visualize the relationship between two variables

Answer

Calculate the mean of a set of data

Answer

Determine the significance of a difference between groups

Answer

Predict the value of a dependent variable

Question 11

Which of these is a measure of central tendency that shows the average value of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Variance

Answer

Skewness

Answer

Kurtosis

Question 12

Which statistical test is most appropriate for determining if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

One-sample t-test

Answer

Paired-samples t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 13

In a statistical hypothesis test, what does the p-value represent?

Accepted Answer

The probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true

Answer

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer

The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer

The significance level of the test

Question 14

Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Pearson correlation coefficient

Answer

t-test

Question 15

What is the primary purpose of conducting a power analysis in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

To determine the minimum sample size required to achieve a desired level of statistical power

Answer

To test the significance of a statistical test

Answer

To calculate the effect size of a relationship

Answer

To estimate the probability of a Type II error

Question 16

In a hypothesis test, the null hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups being compared.

Answer

There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups being compared.

Answer

The mean of the sample is equal to the mean of the population.

Answer

The variance of the sample is equal to the variance of the population.

Question 17

Which type of regression analysis is used to predict the value of a continuous dependent variable from one or more independent variables?

Accepted Answer

Linear regression

Answer

Logistic regression

Answer

Multinomial regression

Answer

Poisson regression

Question 18

The p-value in a hypothesis test represents:

Accepted Answer

The probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming the null hypothesis is true.

Answer

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is true.

Answer

The significance level of the test.

Question 19

The coefficient of determination (R-squared) in a regression analysis indicates:

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variance in the dependent variable that is explained by the independent variables.

Answer

The slope of the regression line.

Answer

The y-intercept of the regression line.

Question 20

The purpose of a power analysis is to:

Accepted Answer

Determine the minimum sample size required to achieve a desired level of statistical power.

Answer

Control for confounding variables.

Answer

Estimate the effect size of a study.

Question 21

The use of ethical guidelines in research is primarily intended to ensure:

Accepted Answer

The protection of participants' rights and well-being.

Answer

The validity of the research findings.

Answer

The generalizability of the research findings.

Question 22

In a research study, the researcher wants to compare the exam scores of two groups of students: those who attended a review session and those who did not. Which statistical test would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

t-test for independent samples

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Correlation analysis

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 23

Which type of regression analysis is used to predict a binary (0/1) dependent variable from one or more independent variables?

Accepted Answer

Logistic regression

Answer

Factor analysis

Answer

Multiple regression

Answer

Linear regression

Question 24

What is the purpose of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the range of values within which the true population parameter is likely to fall, with a specified level of confidence

Answer

To calculate the effect size of a study

Answer

To determine the statistical significance of a result

Question 25

When interpreting a correlation coefficient, it is important to consider:

Accepted Answer

Both the magnitude and the direction of the relationship

Answer

Only the direction of the relationship

Answer

Only the magnitude of the relationship

Question 26

Which of the following is a potential source of sampling bias?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Answer

Random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 27

What is the key assumption of the central limit theorem?

Accepted Answer

The distribution of sample means will be approximately normal, regardless of the shape of the population distribution, provided the sample size is sufficiently large

Answer

The population distribution must be normally distributed

Question 28

Which of the following is a non-parametric statistical test?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon signed-rank test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

t-test

Question 29

What is the difference between an alpha level and a p-value?

Accepted Answer

The alpha level is the maximum probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (Type I error), while the p-value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme as or more extreme than the observed test statistic, assuming the null hypothesis is true

Answer

Alpha level is the same as p-value