Nucleic Acid Metabolism: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Advanced Diploma in Healthcare

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the new DNA strand during DNA replication, utilizing the existing strand as a template?

Accepted Answer

DNA Polymerase I

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

DNA Ligase

Question 2

In transcription, which part of the RNA polymerase interacts with the promoter region of the DNA?

Accepted Answer

Sigma factor

Answer

Core domain

Answer

Upstream domain

Answer

Downstream domain

Question 3

Which type of mutation involves replacing one nucleotide with another?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 4

What is the primary role of DNA ligase in DNA metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Joining Okazaki fragments during DNA replication

Answer

Separating DNA strands during replication

Answer

Unwinding DNA during transcription

Answer

Copying DNA during replication

Question 5

Which technique is used to amplify a specific region of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 6

What is the function of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Stabilizing the molecular structure

Answer

Acting as energy carriers

Answer

Providing catalytic activity

Question 7

In protein synthesis, how is the genetic code on mRNA deciphered?

Accepted Answer

Interaction between tRNA anticodons and codons

Answer

Direct bonding of amino acids to codons

Answer

Codon recognition exclusively by the ribosome

Answer

Binding of specific enzymes to codons

Question 8

What is the role of telomeres in chromosome structure and stability?

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are protective caps at chromosome ends, preventing degradation and fusion.

Answer

Telomeres initiate DNA replication by providing a starting point for DNA polymerase.

Answer

Telomeres lengthen with each cell division to maintain chromosome integrity.

Answer

Telomere shortening has no significant impact on cellular function.

Question 9

Which of the following techniques is specifically designed to study the regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Northern blotting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Western blotting

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix and separating the strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Primase

Question 11

What is the primary role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes RNA molecules complementary to a DNA template strand.

Answer

Unwinds the DNA helix

Answer

Modifies RNA transcripts

Answer

Joins RNA fragments together

Question 12

Which type of RNA molecule directly carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 13

Which of the following is a purine nitrogenous base found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Answer

Deoxyribose

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Uracil

Question 14

What type of chemical bond links the nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Van der Waals force

Answer

Covalent bond

Question 15

What is the primary function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence found in prokaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

Recognizes and binds to the ribosome, facilitating the initiation of translation

Answer

Terminates translation

Answer

Enhances the stability of mRNA

Answer

Codes for a specific amino acid

Question 16

Which type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide, potentially altering the reading frame of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 17

What is the primary role of telomerase in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Extends telomeres, preventing the shortening of chromosomes during cell division.

Answer

Replicates DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle

Answer

Repairs damaged DNA

Question 18

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during transcription, allowing access to the template strand?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Question 19

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 20

Which process synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Splicing

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Question 22

What is the name of the covalent bond that links adjacent nucleotides in a DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 23

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA repair mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Kinase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 24

Which process converts the genetic information in mRNA into a protein?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Splicing

Question 25

Which post-transcriptional modification is unique to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Methylation

Question 26

What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

RNA transcription

Answer

Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 27

Which type of non-coding RNA molecule is involved in regulating gene expression?

Accepted Answer

microRNA (miRNA)

Answer

snRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Question 28

Which enzyme is solely responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 29

What is the primary function of the promoter region in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription

Answer

Termination signal for transcription

Answer

Template for mRNA synthesis

Answer

Region where ribosomes attach

Question 30

Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds during translation?

Accepted Answer

Peptidyl transferase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 31

What is the primary role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Provides the site for tRNA and mRNA interaction during translation

Answer

Breaks down old proteins

Answer

Synthesizes new proteins

Answer

Transports mRNA to the cytoplasm

Question 32

What is the process by which a complementary strand of RNA is synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Question 33

What is the primary role of deoxyribonucleotides in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Building blocks for the synthesis of new DNA strands

Answer

Primers for DNA polymerase

Answer

Terminator sequences for DNA replication

Answer

Enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis

Question 34

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the two DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 35

What is the name of the RNA molecule that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 36

What is the primary function of ribosomes during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

Answer

Unwind the DNA helix during replication

Answer

Transcribe DNA into mRNA

Question 37

What is the term for the process by which genetic information from DNA is transferred to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 38

Which enzyme is responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Answer

DNA polymerase I

Answer

Helicase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 39

What is the name of the structure that contains the unwound parental DNA molecule and the replication machinery during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Replication bubble

Answer

Primosome

Answer

Telomere

Question 40

What is the term for the process by which RNA molecules are modified prior to translation?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing

Answer

Translation

Answer

DNA replication