Nucleic Acids: The Blueprint of Life - Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

In DNA replication, how do DNA polymerase and helicase contribute to the process?

Accepted Answer

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix, allowing DNA polymerase to add nucleotides to the 3' ends of the growing DNA strands.

Answer

Helicase synthesizes new DNA strands, while DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix.

Answer

DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix, while helicase synthesizes new DNA strands.

Answer

Helicase synthesizes new DNA strands, while DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 5' ends of the growing DNA strands.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Nitrogenous base

Answer

Phosphate group

Answer

Ribose or deoxyribose sugar

Question 3

Which nitrogenous base is exclusive to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Question 4

What is the structural model of DNA known as?

Accepted Answer

Watson-Crick model

Answer

Helix-turn-helix

Answer

Chargaff's rule

Answer

Supercoiling

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Primase

Question 6

What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

Accepted Answer

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Stores genetic information

Answer

Catalyzes peptide bond formation

Answer

Releases mRNA from the ribosome

Question 7

Which genetic disorder is caused by a mutation in a protein essential for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Werner syndrome

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 8

How do purine bases differ from pyrimidine bases?

Accepted Answer

Pyrimidines have a single-ring structure, purines have a double-ring structure

Answer

Purines have a single-ring structure, pyrimidines have a double-ring structure

Answer

Purines contain nitrogen and oxygen, pyrimidines contain nitrogen and carbon

Answer

Pyrimidines contain nitrogen and oxygen, purines contain nitrogen and carbon

Question 9

What is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA called?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Splicing

Question 10

Which function is associated with microRNAs (miRNAs)?

Accepted Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 11

Name the technique used to separate DNA fragments by size.

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Question 12

Explain the Central Dogma of molecular biology and its role in gene expression and genetic inheritance.

Accepted Answer

DNA replicates, RNA transcribes information into proteins, and proteins perform cellular functions.

Answer

DNA replicates, RNA transcribes information into proteins, and proteins translate information back into DNA.

Answer

DNA transcribes information into proteins, RNA replicates, and proteins translate information back into RNA.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Guanine

Question 14

The process of DNA replication involves which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Semi-conservative replication

Answer

Conservative replication

Answer

Dispersive replication

Answer

Random replication

Question 15

Which of the following correctly describes the function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Carries genetic information

Answer

Translates mRNA into proteins

Answer

Controls gene expression

Question 16

The genetic code is organized into what kind of units?

Accepted Answer

Triplet

Answer

Doublet

Answer

Quadruplet

Answer

Single letter

Question 17

Which of the following techniques is specifically used to separate and analyze DNA fragments?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 18

Who is credited with proposing the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Mendel

Answer

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

Answer

Franklin and Wilkins

Question 19

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 20

Which type of bond connects adjacent nucleotides in a nucleic acid chain?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Disulfide bonds

Question 21

The sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid molecule carries an overall:

Accepted Answer

Negative charge

Answer

Positive charge

Answer

Neutral charge

Answer

Varies depending on the sequence

Question 22

Which of the following is the essential building block that forms the backbone of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Sugar

Answer

Protein

Question 23

In DNA, which base forms a complementary pair with adenine (A)?

Accepted Answer

Thymine (T)

Answer

Uracil (U)

Answer

Cytosine (C)

Answer

Guanine (G)

Question 24

Which type of RNA molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Answer

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Answer

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Answer

snRNA (small nuclear RNA)

Question 25

What is the term for the process where genetic information stored in DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 26

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication, allowing access to the genetic information it contains?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 27

Primary function of ribosomes in protein synthesis:

Accepted Answer

Assembling amino acids into proteins

Answer

Transcribing DNA into RNA

Answer

Modifying RNA molecules

Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 28

What is the term for a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Codon

Answer

Exon

Answer

Intron

Answer

Anticodon

Question 29

Which type of genetic mutation involves adding an extra nucleotide into the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Inversion

Question 30

In eukaryotic genes, what is the purpose of introns?

Accepted Answer

Being removed during RNA splicing

Answer

Carrying essential genetic information

Answer

Providing structural support to mRNA

Answer

Regulating gene expression

Question 31

What is NOT a key component of a gene editing tool used to change DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Guide RNA

Answer

Enzyme

Answer

Target DNA

Question 32

Which nitrogenous base is absent from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Question 33

Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Question 34

The double-helix structure of DNA was first proposed by:

Accepted Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Franklin and Wilkins

Answer

Meselson and Stahl

Answer

Hershey and Chase

Question 35

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 36

The primary function of mRNA in protein synthesis is to:

Accepted Answer

Carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Answer

Store genetic information in the nucleus

Answer

Translate genetic information into proteins

Question 37

The process by which DNA is copied into RNA is called:

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Replication

Question 38

The sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA consists of:

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose and phosphate groups

Answer

Ribose and nitrogenous bases

Answer

Deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases

Answer

Ribose and phosphate groups

Question 39

Which laboratory technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Question 40

The promoter region of a gene is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Binding RNA polymerase to initiate transcription

Answer

Protecting the DNA from degradation

Answer

Regulating the termination of transcription

Answer

Containing the genetic code for the protein