Mitochondria and Chloroplasts: The Powerhouses and Photosynthesis Factories of Cells

Question 1

Which of the following organelles is exclusively present in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 2

The inner membrane of mitochondria is extensively folded, forming structures known as:

Accepted Answer

Cristae

Answer

Thylakoids

Answer

Stroma

Answer

Grana

Question 3

Which of the following processes is NOT carried out by chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Storage of genetic material

Question 4

Which of the following pigments primarily captures light energy in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycobilins

Question 5

The fluid-filled space contained within the chloroplast is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Answer

Thylakoid lumen

Answer

Grana

Answer

Intermembrane space

Question 6

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions primarily occur in the:

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membranes

Answer

Stroma

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 7

The term 'grana' refers to:

Accepted Answer

Stacks of thylakoid membranes

Answer

Individual thylakoid membranes

Answer

The stroma of the chloroplast

Answer

The outer membrane of the chloroplast

Question 8

What is the main role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Generating energy through cellular respiration

Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Site of protein synthesis

Answer

Double membrane structure

Answer

Presence of its own DNA

Answer

Cellular respiration occurs here

Question 10

What is the primary function of the cristae in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Increase the surface area for efficient ATP synthesis

Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Transport proteins

Answer

Regulate ion movement

Question 11

What is the primary product of photosynthesis' light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP and NADPH

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Question 12

What is the role of the thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Holds chlorophyll and other pigments

Answer

Encloses the stroma

Answer

Facilitates light-independent reactions

Answer

Transports electrons

Question 13

What is the significance of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

Drives ATP synthesis

Answer

Maintains cellular pH balance

Answer

Regulates movement of ions across the membrane

Answer

Used for electron transport

Question 14

What is the function of NADPH in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Reduces carbon dioxide

Answer

Generates ATP

Answer

Transports electrons

Answer

Regulates the cycle

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Cristae

Answer

Cytochrome

Question 16

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Answer

Carbon dioxide fixation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Lipid metabolism

Question 17

Which of the following is a pigment found in chloroplasts responsible for capturing light energy?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Hemoglobin

Answer

Myoglobin

Answer

Carotenoid

Question 18

What is the primary role of the thylakoids in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Light absorption

Answer

Starch storage

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Water transport

Question 19

What is the term for the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 20

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle that enters the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Answer

Pyruvate

Answer

Acetyl CoA

Answer

ATP

Question 21

What is the function of the matrix in the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Question 22

What is the name of the flattened sacs that make up the grana in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoids

Answer

Cristae

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Stroma

Question 23

What is the primary function carried out by mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Generating energy

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Answer

Producing lipids

Answer

Metabolizing carbohydrates

Question 24

In chloroplasts, where are the photosynthetic pigments located?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid membranes

Answer

Stroma

Answer

Chlorophyll molecules

Answer

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 25

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

Citrate synthase

Answer

Heme

Answer

Argininosuccinate lyase

Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 26

During the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which molecule functions as the electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Ferredoxin

Answer

NADH

Answer

CO2

Answer

ADP

Question 27

What is the primary role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose synthesis

Answer

ATP production

Answer

Electron transport

Answer

Light absorption

Question 28

What is the main distinction between a granum and a stroma within a chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Grana are stacked thylakoids, while stroma is the fluid-filled space.

Answer

Stroma is stacked thylakoids, while grana is the fluid-filled space.

Answer

Grana are responsible for light-dependent reactions, while stroma for light-independent reactions.

Answer

Stroma is responsible for light-dependent reactions, while grana for light-independent reactions.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Regulation of cell death

Answer

Lipid metabolism

Question 30

What is the name of the semipermeable membrane that surrounds the stroma of chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast envelope

Answer

Outer membrane

Answer

Inner membrane

Answer

Thylakoid membrane

Question 31

What is the primary pigment responsible for photosynthesis in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycobilins

Question 32

What is the process by which chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Question 33

What is the name of the fluid-filled space inside chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Answer

Thylakoid space

Answer

Matrix

Answer

Lumen

Question 34

Which of the following is a key enzyme involved in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Citrate synthase

Answer

Rubisco

Answer

ATP synthase

Answer

Cytochrome oxidase

Question 35

What is the primary site of glucose catabolism in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a key function of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

ATP production

Answer

Calcium buffering

Question 37

What is the primary function of the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport and ATP synthesis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Beta-oxidation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 38

What is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Phycoerythrin

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycocyanin

Question 39

What is the name of the space within the thylakoid membranes where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid lumen

Answer

Stroma

Answer

Pyrenoid

Answer

Granum

Question 40

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Humidity

Answer

Carbon dioxide concentration

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Question 41

What is the primary function of the stroma in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Site of the Calvin cycle

Answer

ATP production

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Carbon dioxide fixation

Question 42

Which type of cell contains both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Plant mesophyll cells

Answer

Muscle cells

Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

Neurons

Question 43

What is the critical role of mitochondria in apoptosis, or programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

Release of signaling molecules, including cytochrome c

Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Answer

Regulation of calcium homeostasis

Answer

ATP production