Photosynthesis: The Vital Process of Plant Energy Production

Question 1

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, which pigment is NOT involved?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Question 2

What is the primary function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To absorb light energy and initiate electron excitation

Answer

To transport electrons within the electron transport chain

Answer

To split water molecules

Answer

To synthesize glucose molecules

Question 3

Which of the following is not a distinct stage of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Photolysis

Answer

Carbon fixation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Regeneration

Question 4

What is the primary role of stomata in the context of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gaseous exchange, enabling the uptake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen

Answer

To absorb water from the soil

Answer

To transport nutrients throughout the plant

Answer

To capture light energy for photosynthesis

Question 5

What is the primary function of the grana within the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Light absorption and conversion into chemical energy

Answer

Calvin cycle reactions

Answer

Electron transport

Answer

Water splitting

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

ATP

Question 7

What is the primary role of the stroma in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Calvin cycle reactions

Answer

Light absorption

Answer

Electron transport

Answer

Water splitting

Question 8

What is the primary photosynthetic pigment responsible for capturing light energy?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoid

Answer

Phycoerythrin

Question 9

Which of the following variables does NOT influence the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Humidity

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

Carbon dioxide concentration

Question 10

What is the primary role of ATP and NADPH in the light-independent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Provide energy and reducing power for carbon fixation

Answer

Generate oxygen and water

Answer

Split water molecules

Answer

Capture light energy

Question 11

Write the overall equation for photosynthesis:

Accepted Answer

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light

Answer

6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 12

Which of the following electron flow pathways in photosynthesis is cyclic?

Accepted Answer

Z-scheme

Answer

Calvin cycle

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Question 13

What is the primary function of stomata in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange (CO2 and O2)

Answer

Light absorption

Answer

Electron transport

Answer

Water transport

Question 14

What is the key role of rubisco activase in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Activates the Rubisco enzyme

Answer

Catalyzes the fixation of CO2

Answer

Generates ATP

Answer

Splits water molecules

Question 15

Which pigment is primarily responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycobilins

Question 16

Where do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Answer

Thylakoid membranes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Answer

NADPH

Answer

Oxygen

Question 18

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide during the light-independent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco

Answer

Cytochrome oxidase

Answer

ATP synthase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 19

Which technique can be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Electrochemistry

Answer

Microscopy

Question 20

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules

Answer

Generates ATP and NADPH

Answer

Reduces oxygen to water

Answer

Absorbs light energy

Question 21

Which pigment in the thylakoid membranes absorbs light energy to initiate photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Phycobilins

Question 22

What is the primary role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Fixation of carbon dioxide into organic molecules

Answer

Generation of ATP and NADPH

Answer

Release of oxygen

Answer

Absorption of light energy

Question 23

Which organelle contains the thylakoids, the site of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 24

Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + light energy → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

Answer

6CO₂ + 12H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O

Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6H₂O → 6CO₂ + 12H₂O + light energy

Question 25

Which molecule is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Answer

NADPH

Answer

Oxygen

Question 26

What is the primary role of water in the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Electron donor

Answer

Reactant for glucose formation

Answer

Solvent for the reaction

Answer

Product of the reaction

Question 27

What is the purpose of cyclic photophosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Generate ATP without producing NADPH

Answer

Fix carbon dioxide into glucose

Answer

Release oxygen

Answer

Absorb light energy

Question 28

Which of the following pigments is **not directly** involved in the absorption of light during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Phycocyanin

Question 29

What is the primary product of the light-**independent** reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water

Question 30

Which of the following environmental factors does **not** affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Humidity

Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Temperature

Answer

CO2 concentration

Question 31

The Calvin cycle is a crucial stage in photosynthesis because it:

Accepted Answer

Fixes carbon dioxide into organic compounds

Answer

Converts light energy into chemical energy

Answer

Produces oxygen

Answer

Regenerates ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate

Question 32

Which of the following is a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Glucose

Answer

ATP

Question 33

The stomata of a leaf are responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Transpiration

Answer

Nutrient transport

Question 34

Which of the following is **not** a type of chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Answer

Grana

Answer

Stroma

Answer

Thylakoid

Question 35

Which of the following statements about photorespiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a wasteful process that consumes energy

Answer

It is a beneficial process that produces ATP

Answer

It is an essential part of the Calvin cycle

Answer

It only occurs in C3 plants

Question 36

In photosynthesis, what is the primary function of accessory pigments?

Accepted Answer

To capture light energy of wavelengths not absorbed by chlorophyll a

Answer

To convert light energy directly into chemical energy

Answer

To transport electrons along the electron transport chain

Question 37

Which pigment is primarily responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Chlorophyll b

Answer

Phycoerythrin

Question 38

What is the name of the electron carrier that transports electrons from water to photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome b6f complex

Answer

Ferredoxin

Answer

Rubisco

Answer

Plastocyanin

Question 39

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Rubisco

Answer

Hexokinase

Answer

PEP carboxylase

Answer

Phosphofructokinase

Question 40

Which of these external factors significantly affects the rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Light intensity

Answer

Soil pH

Answer

Humidity

Answer

Age of the plant

Question 41

What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer

C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy

Answer

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy

Answer

6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + H2O

Question 42

What is the primary function of stomata in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange (CO2 uptake and O2 release)

Answer

Nutrient storage

Answer

Water transport

Answer

Light absorption

Question 43

Which of the following is a direct benefit of photosynthesis for humans?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen production

Answer

Water filtration

Answer

Disease prevention

Answer

Nutrient uptake

Question 44

What is the primary fate of the products of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Nitrogen fixation

Answer

Waste products

Answer

Photosynthesis