Atomic Structure: Learn the Basics of Chemistry

Question 1

Which of the following is a characteristic of isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Different mass numbers

Answer

Different atomic numbers

Answer

Always radioactive

Answer

Vastly different chemical properties

Question 2

Which subatomic particle has the largest mass?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Answer

Electron

Answer

Proton

Question 3

Which subatomic particle carries a negative electrical charge and is found outside the atom's nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Answer

Proton

Answer

Neutron

Question 4

Which subatomic particle has the greatest mass?

Accepted Answer

Neutron

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Alpha particle

Question 5

In which unit is atomic number measured?

Accepted Answer

Protons

Answer

Electrons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Mass units

Question 6

Which of the following is not an isotope of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Helium-3

Answer

Protium

Answer

Deuterium

Answer

Tritium

Question 7

What is the correct electronic configuration for a neutral chlorine atom?

Accepted Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁵3s³3p⁴

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁴3s²3p⁵

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s³3p³

Question 8

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in methane (CH₄)?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 9

Which element has the highest electronegativity value?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Question 10

Which substance acts as a Lewis acid?

Accepted Answer

HCl

Answer

NH3

Answer

H2O

Answer

CH4

Question 11

Describe how an element's atomic number influences its ionization energy and electronegativity.

Accepted Answer

As atomic number increases, both ionization energy and electronegativity increase.

Answer

As atomic number increases, both ionization energy and electronegativity decrease.

Answer

Atomic number has no influence on ionization energy or electronegativity.

Answer

The relationship between atomic number and ionization energy/electronegativity is inconsistent and unpredictable.

Question 12

Which property is true about protons?

Accepted Answer

Protons have a similar mass to neutrons.

Answer

Protons have a negative charge.

Answer

Protons take up most of the space in an atom.

Question 13

What aspect of an element does its atomic number represent?

Accepted Answer

Number of protons in the nucleus

Answer

Number of neutrons in the nucleus

Answer

Number of electrons in the outermost shell

Answer

Number of electrons and protons in the atom

Question 14

Which of the following has the greatest mass number?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen-16

Answer

Carbon-12

Answer

Nitrogen-14

Answer

Fluorine-19

Question 15

What distinguishes isotopes of an element?

Accepted Answer

Different mass numbers

Answer

Different atomic numbers

Answer

Different numbers of electrons

Answer

Different arrangements of electrons

Question 16

Which of the following represents the electronic configuration of sodium?

Accepted Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3p¹

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁵3s²

Question 17

What principle governs the filling of orbitals by electrons?

Accepted Answer

Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy

Answer

Protons occupy the outermost shell first

Answer

Neutrons determine the atomic number of an element

Answer

The mass number is equal to the number of electrons

Question 18

Which type of orbital can accommodate the largest number of electrons?

Accepted Answer

f-orbital

Answer

s-orbital

Answer

p-orbital

Answer

d-orbital

Question 19

What does the Pauli Exclusion Principle state?

Accepted Answer

No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Answer

Electrons are arranged in the nucleus

Answer

The mass of an atom is due to its protons and neutrons

Answer

The electronic configuration of an element determines its chemical properties

Question 20

Which of the following elements is classified as a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Argon

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Calcium

Question 21

How are the atomic number and the number of electrons related in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

They are always equal

Answer

The atomic number is always greater

Answer

The number of electrons is always greater

Answer

They are only equal for isotopes

Question 22

Which of the following is definitively **NOT** a subatomic particle?

Accepted Answer

Photon

Answer

Proton

Answer

Electron

Answer

Neutron

Question 23

The atomic number of an element specifically represents the number of:

Accepted Answer

Protons

Answer

Electrons

Answer

Neutrons

Answer

Protons and electrons

Question 24

Which of the given isotopes definitively has the maximum mass number?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-15

Answer

Carbon-12

Answer

Carbon-13

Answer

Carbon-14

Question 25

Which of the following elements can be distinctly classified as a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Hydrogen

Answer

Lithium

Answer

Sodium

Question 26

The s-orbital has the capacity to hold a maximum of:

Accepted Answer

2 electrons

Answer

4 electrons

Answer

6 electrons

Answer

8 electrons

Question 27

The spin quantum number (ms) can only have the following precise values:

Accepted Answer

+1/2, -1/2

Answer

+1, 0, -1

Answer

-1/2, 0, +1/2

Answer

0, +1, -1

Question 28

Which of the following is an inherent characteristic of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Accepted Answer

It comprises waves of varying frequencies and distinct wavelengths.

Answer

It is strictly a continuous spectrum without any variation.

Answer

It is only visible to the unaided human eye.

Answer

It remains unaffected by any presence of matter.

Question 29

The specific relationship between the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave and its frequency is given by the equation:

Accepted Answer

λ = c/ν

Answer

ν = λc

Answer

λν = c

Answer

c = λ/ν

Question 30

Which of the following specific techniques is primarily used to separate a given mixture of substances based on their distinct boiling points?

Accepted Answer

Distillation

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Filtration

Answer

Evaporation

Question 31

Which element exhibits the highest electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Bromine

Answer

Iodine

Question 32

What defines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer

The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Answer

The total mass of the atom.

Answer

The number of electrons orbiting the nucleus.

Question 33

Which of the following is an isotope of hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Deuterium

Answer

Oxygen-16

Answer

Carbon-12

Answer

Helium-4

Question 34

What is the electronic configuration of chlorine (atomic number 17)?

Accepted Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁵

Answer

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹

Question 35

Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Helium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Potassium

Answer

Lithium

Question 36

How are the atomic number and mass number of an atom related?

Accepted Answer

The atomic number is the number of protons, and the mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Answer

The atomic number is the sum of protons and neutrons, and the mass number is the number of protons.

Answer

The atomic number and mass number are always equal.

Answer

The atomic number is the number of electrons, and the mass number is the sum of protons and electrons.

Question 37

Which of the following is a noble gas?

Accepted Answer

Neon

Answer

Fluorine

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Bromine

Question 38

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in methane (CH₄)?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp2d

Question 39

Which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Answer

Bromine

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Iodine

Question 40

What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with sp² hybridization?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal planar

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Linear

Answer

Octahedral