Organic Chemistry Basics: Master Functional Groups, Nomenclature, and Isomerism

Question 1

Which of the following is not considered a functional group in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Ketone

Question 2

Determine the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the molecular formula CH3CH2OH.

Accepted Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Methyl alcohol

Answer

Hydroxyethane

Answer

Ethanediol

Question 3

Identify the structural isomer of butane.

Accepted Answer

2-Methylpropane

Answer

Pentane

Answer

Butene

Answer

Propane

Question 4

Determine the hybridization of the carbon atom in the molecule CH2=CH2.

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

sp

Answer

sp3

Answer

sp3d

Question 5

Classify the following reaction as an addition, substitution, elimination, or combustion reaction: CH2=CH2 + H2 → CH3-CH3

Accepted Answer

Addition

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Elimination

Answer

Combustion

Question 6

Rank the following compounds (Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane) in order of increasing boiling point.

Accepted Answer

Methane < Ethane < Propane < Butane

Answer

Butane < Propane < Ethane < Methane

Answer

Ethane < Methane < Propane < Butane

Answer

Propane < Ethane < Methane < Butane

Question 7

Predict the major product of the nucleophilic substitution reaction: CH3CH2Br + NaOH →

Accepted Answer

CH3CH2OH

Answer

CH3CH2Br

Answer

NaBr

Answer

H2O

Question 8

What is the defining characteristic of structural isomerism?

Accepted Answer

Distinct atomic arrangements

Answer

Different molecular formulas

Answer

Identical physical properties

Answer

Identical chemical properties

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a functional group found in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Sodium

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Alkene

Answer

Ether

Question 10

Which of the following compounds is a structural isomer of butane?

Accepted Answer

2-methylpropane

Answer

Pentane

Answer

Ethene

Answer

Methane

Question 11

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the molecule methane (CH4)?

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 12

Which of the following reactions is an example of an elimination reaction in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Removal of a water molecule from an alcohol

Answer

Addition of hydrogen to an alkene

Answer

Substitution of a halogen by a hydroxide ion

Answer

Polymerization of an alkene

Question 13

What is the primary role of a catalyst in an organic reaction?

Accepted Answer

To increase the reaction rate by providing an alternative pathway

Answer

To decrease the reaction rate by absorbing energy

Answer

To change the products of the reaction

Answer

To prevent the reaction from occurring

Question 14

Which of the following organic compounds is most likely to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Accepted Answer

1-Bromobutane

Answer

Methane

Answer

Ethene

Answer

Benzene

Question 15

What is the key difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon atom in an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

The number of carbon atoms attached to the carbon atom

Answer

The number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atom

Answer

The type of functional group attached to the carbon atom

Answer

The hybridization of the carbon atom

Question 16

Which of the following molecules is polar?

Accepted Answer

Water

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Methane

Answer

Ethene

Question 17

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Presence of carbon atoms

Answer

High melting points

Answer

Solubility in nonpolar solvents

Answer

Low reactivity

Question 18

Identify the functional group present in all alcohols:

Accepted Answer

-OH

Answer

-COOH

Answer

-CHO

Answer

-NH2

Question 19

Determine the correct IUPAC name for the compound with the molecular formula CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3:

Accepted Answer

2-Methylpentane

Answer

3-Methylpentane

Answer

2,3-Dimethylbutane

Answer

2,2-Dimethylbutane

Question 20

Which of the following pairs of compounds represents structural isomers?

Accepted Answer

Butane and isobutane

Answer

Methanol and ethanol

Answer

Propane and butane

Answer

Ethene and ethyne

Question 21

Identify the hybridization of the carbon atom in the methane molecule (CH4):

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 22

Which of the following compounds is classified as a primary alcohol?

Accepted Answer

CH3CH2OH

Answer

(CH3)2CHOH

Answer

(CH3)3COH

Answer

CH2=CHCH2OH

Question 23

In an organic reaction, what is the product formed when an alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid?

Accepted Answer

Ester

Answer

Ether

Answer

Amide

Answer

Ketone

Question 24

Identify the compound that is a cyclic hydrocarbon:

Accepted Answer

Benzene

Answer

Ethane

Answer

Propene

Answer

Butyne

Question 25

Determine the empirical formula of a compound that contains 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and 53.3% oxygen by mass:

Accepted Answer

CH2O

Answer

C2H4O2

Answer

C3H6O3

Answer

C4H8O4

Question 26

Which of the following bonds is considered polar covalent?

Accepted Answer

C-Cl

Answer

C-H

Answer

C-C

Answer

H-H

Question 27

Which of the following accurately describes resonance?

Accepted Answer

Resonance structures contribute to the overall structure of a compound.

Answer

Resonance structures have different energy levels.

Answer

Resonance structures can only be drawn for compounds with double bonds.

Answer

Resonance structures are only used for organic compounds.

Question 28

The functional group that contains a carbon-oxygen double bond is called:

Accepted Answer

Ketone

Answer

Amine

Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Alcohol

Question 29

Which of the following is the correct structural formula for ethene?

Accepted Answer

CH2=CH2

Answer

CH3-CH3

Answer

CH2-CHOH

Answer

CH3-COOH

Question 30

The hybridization of the carbon atoms in methane (CH4) is:

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 31

Which of the following reactions is characteristic of an alkane?

Accepted Answer

Combustion

Answer

Addition

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Polymerization

Question 32

Which of the following is a polar functional group?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Alkane

Answer

Alkene

Answer

Ether

Question 33

The process of converting an alkene into an alkane by adding hydrogen is known as:

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 34

Identify the functional group present in the molecule C6H5COOH:

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acid

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Ketone

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT an example of structural isomerism?

Accepted Answer

Ethanol and methoxymethane

Answer

Butane and isobutane

Answer

Propene and cyclopropane

Answer

1-Butanol and 2-butanol

Question 36

What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in the following molecule: C2H4?

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

sp

Answer

sp3

Answer

sp3d

Question 37

Which of the following reactions is an example of an electrophilic addition reaction?

Accepted Answer

CH3CH=CH2 + HBr → CH3CH2CH2Br

Answer

CH3CH2OH + H2SO4 → CH3CH2OSO3H + H2O

Answer

CH3CH2CH=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH2CH2CH3

Answer

CH3CH2COOH + NH3 → CH3CH2CONH2 + H2O

Question 38

What is the mechanism of the reaction between an amine and an alkyl halide?

Accepted Answer

Nucleophilic substitution

Answer

Nucleophilic addition

Answer

Electrophilic addition

Answer

Electrophilic substitution

Question 39

Which of the following compounds has the lowest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

Methanol

Answer

Ethanol

Answer

Propanol

Answer

Butanol

Question 40

Which of the following is a characteristic of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Contain carbon

Answer

Highly reactive

Answer

Ionic Bonding

Answer

Low melting points

Question 41

Which functional group is present in primary alcohols?

Accepted Answer

-OH

Answer

-C=O

Answer

-COOH

Answer

-NH2

Question 42

What type of isomerism is exhibited by the following compounds: butane and isobutane?

Accepted Answer

Structural isomerism

Answer

Diastereomerism

Answer

Stereoisomerism

Answer

Enantiomerism

Question 43

What is the hybridization state of the carbon atom in methane?

Accepted Answer

sp³

Answer

sp³d

Answer

sp

Answer

sp²

Question 44

Which of the following is a resonance structure?

Accepted Answer

A structure that represents a molecule with delocalized electrons

Answer

A structure that represents a molecule with a tetrahedral geometry

Answer

A structure that represents a molecule with a single Lewis structure