Energy Metabolism and Calorie Requirements: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Discuss the ethical considerations associated with utilizing advanced techniques like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans to evaluate body composition for determining calorie needs.

Accepted Answer

The ethical implications of using DEXA scans in calorie assessment require careful evaluation.

Answer

DEXA scans are highly precise and should be the sole method for determining calorie requirements.

Answer

Using DEXA scans for calorie assessment poses no ethical concerns because they are non-invasive.

Answer

DEXA scans should be limited to research settings and not used to determine calorie requirements for individuals.

Question 2

What process involves breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Anabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Which of the following factors does NOT affect an individual's calorie requirements?

Accepted Answer

Family history

Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Answer

Occupation

Question 4

The process by which the body converts excess glucose into fat for storage is known as:

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Proteolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Which of the following conditions involves an abnormally low calorie intake, often leading to malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa

Answer

Bulimia nervosa

Answer

Binge-eating disorder

Answer

Obesity

Question 6

In the context of energy metabolism, which of the following systems plays a primary role in processing food into energy?

Accepted Answer

Digestive system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Nervous system

Answer

Endocrine system

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 8

A diet deficient in carbohydrates may result in a condition known as:

Accepted Answer

Ketosis

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Glycosuria

Question 9

What is the initial stage of the process by which the body converts food into energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Which macronutrient yields the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Vitamins

Question 11

State the key difference between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and the resting metabolic rate (RMR).

Accepted Answer

RMR includes the energy cost of digesting food, which BMR does not

Answer

BMR is measured after consuming food, whereas RMR is measured before eating

Answer

BMR is generally higher than RMR

Answer

There is no distinction between BMR and RMR

Question 12

Which of the following is not a macronutrient that serves as an energy source for the body?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Question 13

Which of the following factors does not influence an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity level

Answer

Age

Answer

Body composition

Answer

Gender

Question 14

What is the overarching process by which the body converts food into energy?

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 15

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 16

What is the primary role of dietary fiber in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Both B and C

Answer

Provides energy

Answer

Slows down digestion and absorption

Answer

Increases satiety

Question 17

Which of the following activities typically burns the most calories per hour?

Accepted Answer

Running

Answer

Walking

Answer

Cycling

Answer

Swimming

Question 18

Which of the following processes involves the breakdown of glucose for energy production?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Proteolysis

Answer

Ketogenesis

Question 19

The metabolic process by which the body converts fatty acids into ketones for energy production is known as:

Accepted Answer

Ketogenesis

Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 21

Which of the following is considered a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Pasta

Answer

Candy

Question 22

The medical condition characterized by abnormally elevated levels of glucose in the blood is known as:

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Ketosis

Question 23

The process by which the body stores excess glucose in the liver and muscles for later use is called:

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Proteolysis

Question 24

The process by which the body utilizes food to generate energy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle

Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 25

Which of the following foods is a good source of complex carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Candy

Answer

Fruit juice

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient utilized by the body for energy?

Accepted Answer

Fiber

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fat

Question 27

The number of calories required by an individual is primarily influenced by which factors?

Accepted Answer

Age, gender, and activity level

Answer

Gender and height

Answer

Age and weight

Answer

Weight and activity level

Question 28

What is the primary function of insulin in regulating energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Facilitates glucose uptake into cells

Answer

Stimulates the release of glucose from the liver

Answer

Inhibits the breakdown of fat

Answer

Increases the body's metabolic rate

Question 29

What is the recommended daily protein intake for adults?

Accepted Answer

0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight

Answer

1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight

Answer

1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight

Answer

2.0 grams per kilogram of body weight

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Shaking

Answer

Confusion

Answer

Increased heart rate

Question 31

What is the term used to describe the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Adaptation

Answer

Thermoregulation

Question 32

Identify the primary metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins:

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and amino acid deamination

Answer

Glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and proteolysis

Answer

Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, and urea cycle

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT classified as a macronutrient?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fat

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 34

The process by which the body transforms food into energy is termed:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Respiration

Question 35

Which hormone plays a crucial role in elevating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Cortisol

Question 36

The brain primarily relies on which substance as its energy source?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Amino acids

Answer

Ketone bodies

Answer

Fatty acids

Question 37

Excessive calorie intake can potentially lead to:

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Scurvy

Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Anemia

Question 38

Which of the following metabolic processes involves the breakdown of glucose to produce energy?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources)

Answer

Lipolysis (breakdown of fats)

Answer

Proteolysis (breakdown of proteins)

Question 39

The energy required by the body at rest is known as:

Accepted Answer

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Answer

Active Metabolic Rate (AMR) (energy required during physical activity)

Answer

Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) (combines BMR and AMR)

Answer

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) (outdated term for BMR)

Question 40

The process of converting excess glucose into fat for storage is called:

Accepted Answer

Lipogenesis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources)

Answer

Lipolysis (breakdown of fats)

Answer

Glycogenesis (storage of glucose as glycogen)

Question 41

Which food group is a rich source of calories?

Accepted Answer

Fats and oils

Answer

Lean protein (moderate in calories)

Answer

Vegetables (low in calories due to high water content)

Answer

Fruits (primarily carbohydrates, lower in calories)

Question 42

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of glucose from the liver into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatotropin (growth hormone)

Answer

Insulin (promotes glucose uptake by cells)

Answer

Cortisol (can increase blood sugar levels indirectly)

Question 43

Which of the following nutrients provides the highest amount of energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Answer

Alcohol (provides energy, but not a nutrient)

Answer

Protein (moderate energy content)

Answer

Carbohydrate (provides less energy per gram than fat)

Question 44

The breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Answer

Proteolysis (breakdown of proteins)

Answer

Gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources)

Answer

Lipogenesis (formation of fat from excess glucose)