Nutrition and Chronic Diseases: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

What dietary factor significantly increases the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

High saturated fat intake

Answer

High fiber intake

Answer

High fruit and vegetable intake

Answer

Low sodium intake

Question 2

For a patient with type 2 diabetes, which of the following macronutrients is typically emphasized in their diet plan to manage blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates with a low glycemic index

Answer

Protein

Answer

Fats

Answer

Fiber

Question 3

According to the UK Department of Health, what is the recommended daily intake of added sugars for adults?

Accepted Answer

5% of total daily calories

Answer

10% of total daily calories

Answer

15% of total daily calories

Answer

20% of total daily calories

Question 4

Fiber plays an important role in the human diet. Which of the following is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Promoting satiety and fullness

Answer

Providing energy

Answer

Regulating blood glucose levels

Answer

Facilitating digestion

Question 5

Reducing sodium intake offers several health benefits. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of reducing sodium consumption?

Accepted Answer

Improving bone health

Answer

Lowering blood pressure

Answer

Reducing the risk of heart disease

Answer

Promoting weight loss

Question 6

What is the most significant source of dietary carbohydrates for the UK population?

Accepted Answer

Bread and cereals

Answer

Fruits and vegetables

Answer

Dairy products

Answer

Legumes

Question 7

Which of the following is a **well-established** risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

High cholesterol

Answer

High blood sugar

Answer

Low blood pressure

Answer

High sodium intake

Question 8

Which of the following dietary recommendations is **most effective** in managing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Reduce carbohydrate intake

Answer

Limit saturated and trans fats

Answer

Increase protein intake

Answer

Limit fruit and vegetable consumption

Question 9

What is a **critical** element in nutritional counselling for individuals with obesity?

Accepted Answer

Setting realistic weight loss goals

Answer

Focusing solely on caloric intake

Answer

Avoiding all fats in the diet

Answer

Restricting carbohydrates to under 50g per day

Question 10

What is the primary **function** of the macronutrient protein in the body?

Accepted Answer

Tissue repair and growth

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Hormone regulation

Answer

Fat storage

Question 11

Which nutritional factor plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

High consumption of saturated fat

Answer

Low consumption of dietary fiber

Answer

Excessive sodium intake

Answer

Inadequate vitamin D intake

Question 12

Which of the following is not a type of carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Answer

Monosaccharide

Answer

Polysaccharide

Answer

Starch

Question 13

What is the primary function of insulin in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulate blood sugar levels

Answer

Break down carbohydrates into energy

Answer

Build and repair body tissues

Answer

Transport oxygen to cells

Question 14

For individuals with diabetes, what range of glycemic index is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Low (<55)

Answer

Medium (55-70)

Answer

High (>70)

Answer

It varies based on individual needs

Question 15

Which of the following food sources is a rich provider of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal

Answer

Brown rice

Answer

White bread

Answer

Broccoli

Question 16

What is the overarching objective of nutrition therapy in managing chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Enhance health outcomes and prevent complications

Answer

Provide complete nutritional support

Answer

Eliminate all dietary restrictions

Answer

Promote weight loss as the primary goal

Question 17

In nutritional epidemiology, which observational study design is most frequently used to examine the link between dietary factors and the development of chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Cohort study

Answer

Cross-sectional study

Answer

Case-control study

Answer

Randomized controlled trial

Question 18

In nutrition therapy for obesity, why is fiber considered an essential nutrient?

Accepted Answer

Promotes satiety and supports gut health

Answer

Regulates blood sugar levels and reduces cholesterol

Answer

Provides high calories and energy

Answer

Has no significant role in obesity management

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

High cholesterol levels

Question 20

Which type of carbohydrate is absorbed most rapidly, resulting in a quick increase in blood sugar levels?

Accepted Answer

Simple carbohydrates (e.g., sugar)

Answer

Complex carbohydrates (e.g., whole grains)

Answer

Fiber

Question 21

Which vitamin plays a vital role in blood clotting and bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 22

How does dietary fiber contribute to the management of diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Slows the absorption of glucose

Answer

Stimulates insulin production

Answer

Lowers blood pressure

Answer

Increases appetite

Question 23

Which food is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Salmon

Answer

Red meat

Answer

Cheese

Answer

Pasta

Question 24

What is the primary dietary source of vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

Animal products (meat, dairy)

Answer

Plant-based foods

Answer

Whole grains

Answer

Legumes

Question 25

Which of the following is not a primary objective of nutritional therapy for chronic diseases?

Accepted Answer

Promoting weight gain

Answer

Reducing inflammation

Answer

Managing blood sugar levels

Answer

Preventing future complications

Question 26

Who is the healthcare professional trained to give in-depth nutrition advice and education to patients?

Accepted Answer

Dietitian

Answer

Doctor

Answer

Nurse

Answer

Pharmacist

Question 27

Identify the dietary factor strongly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Accepted Answer

Low intake of saturated fat

Answer

High intake of soluble fiber

Answer

Adequate intake of omega-3 fatty acids

Answer

High intake of complex carbohydrates

Question 28

What does the glycemic index (GI) of a food represent?

Accepted Answer

Effect on blood glucose levels

Answer

Fiber content

Answer

Nutrient density

Answer

Antioxidant capacity

Question 29

The Mediterranean diet is rich in:

Accepted Answer

Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Answer

Red meat and dairy products

Answer

Saturated fat and cholesterol

Answer

Processed foods and sugary drinks

Question 30

Which nutrient is vital for maintaining bone health?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Magnesium

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 31

Glycogenolysis refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

Converting glycogen into glucose

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Answer

Converting excess glucose into glycogen

Question 32

Which hormone is central to regulating glucose balance?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Thyroxine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 33

The body's primary energy source is:

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins

Question 34

Which dietary factor is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Accepted Answer

Excessive consumption of saturated fats

Answer

High intake of fruits and vegetables

Answer

Low dietary fiber intake

Answer

Optimal vitamin D levels

Question 35

What type of diabetes is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Type 2 diabetes

Answer

Gestational diabetes

Answer

Secondary diabetes

Question 36

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining bone health?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin A

Answer

Potassium

Question 37

Which nutrient provides the majority of energy in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Fats

Answer

Vitamins

Question 38

What is an effective strategy for preventing weight gain?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Skipping meals

Answer

Consuming high-fat foods

Answer

Eating large portions

Question 39

What term defines a body weight below the normal range?

Accepted Answer

Underweight

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Overweight

Answer

Malnutrition

Question 40

Which symptom is indicative of nutrient deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Healthy skin

Answer

Strong immune system

Answer

Optimal cognitive function

Question 41

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To absorb nutrients from food

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Answer

To protect the body from infection

Answer

To produce and release hormones