Respiratory System Pharmacology: Master Drugs for Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is a beta-2 agonist used to bronchodilate the airways in respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Cromolyn sodium

Answer

Nedocromil sodium

Question 2

Which of the following is a mucolytic agent that breaks down mucus in the airways?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcysteine

Answer

Tiotropium bromide

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Salmeterol

Question 3

Which of the following is an anti-asthmatic medication that inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells?

Accepted Answer

Cromolyn sodium

Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Acetylcysteine

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary route of administration for cromolyn sodium in respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Topical

Question 5

The primary mechanism of action of bronchodilators is to:

Accepted Answer

Relax airway smooth muscle

Answer

Increase mucociliary clearance

Answer

Reduce inflammation

Answer

Stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors

Question 6

A common adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids is:

Accepted Answer

Candidiasis

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Nausea

Question 7

The main mechanism of action of montelukast is to:

Accepted Answer

Inhibit leukotriene synthesis

Answer

Blockade histamine receptors

Answer

Stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Reduce mast cell degranulation

Question 8

The most crucial nursing intervention when caring for a patient with respiratory distress is to:

Accepted Answer

Administer oxygen

Answer

Monitor vital signs

Answer

Provide emotional support

Answer

Educate the patient on disease management

Question 9

Which mechanism of action is NOT associated with bronchodilators?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of airway inflammation

Answer

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer

Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of mucus secretion

Question 10

Which type of mucolytic agent is specifically designed to break down disulfide bonds in mucus?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcysteine

Answer

Ambroxol

Answer

Bromhexine

Answer

Salmeterol

Question 11

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Oral thrush

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Bronchospasm

Question 12

Which drug belongs to the class of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

Accepted Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Theophylline

Question 13

Which drug possesses both bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Cromolyn sodium

Answer

Nedocromil sodium

Question 14

Which drug acts as a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Roflumilast

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Theophylline

Answer

Montelukast

Question 15

How is the effectiveness of respiratory medications primarily assessed?

Accepted Answer

By measuring changes in lung function.

Answer

By observing changes in breathing rate.

Answer

By asking patients about their symptom relief.

Answer

By comparing results to a placebo group.

Question 16

Which of the following is a bronchodilator that acts as a selective beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Beclomethasone

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism of action of mucolytic agents in the treatment of respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Reduction of mucus viscosity

Answer

Stimulation of surfactant release

Answer

Inhibition of inflammatory mediators

Answer

Enhancement of ciliary activity

Question 18

Which of the following is an appropriate indication for the administration of anti-asthmatic medications?

Accepted Answer

Acute bronchospasm

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 19

What is a potential adverse effect associated with the use of beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 20

Identify the mechanism of action of ipratropium bromide in the treatment of respiratory conditions.

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the airways

Answer

Stimulation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airways

Answer

Reduction of mucus production

Answer

Enhancement of ciliary activity

Question 21

Which of the following medications belongs to the class of leukotriene modifiers, commonly used in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Montelukast

Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Fluticasone

Answer

N-acetylcysteine

Question 22

What is the primary route of administration for most bronchodilators in the treatment of respiratory conditions?

Accepted Answer

Inhalation

Answer

Oral

Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Subcutaneous

Question 23

Explain the role of corticosteroids in the management of asthma and their specific mechanism of action in reducing airway inflammation.

Accepted Answer

Reduction of inflammation in the airways

Answer

Dilation of the airways

Answer

Inhibition of histamine release

Answer

Enhancement of ciliary activity

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a pharmacological class of drugs used in treating respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Bronchodilators

Answer

Mucolytics

Answer

Anti-asthmatics

Question 25

Which of the following is a common adverse effect specifically associated with bronchodilators?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Hypotension

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Drowsiness

Question 26

Which of the following medications acts as a mucolytic agent?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcysteine

Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide

Answer

Salmeterol

Question 27

What is the primary mechanism of action of salbutamol?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of beta-2 receptors

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase

Answer

Enhancement of surfactant production

Question 28

What is the recommended route of administration for ipratropium bromide?

Accepted Answer

Oral inhalation

Answer

Intravenous injection

Answer

Intramuscular injection

Answer

Subcutaneous injection

Question 29

Which of the following statements about anti-asthmatic drugs is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Anti-asthmatic drugs are effective in treating both acute and chronic asthma

Answer

All anti-asthmatic drugs are bronchodilators

Answer

Anti-asthmatic drugs do not have any significant adverse effects

Answer

All anti-asthmatic drugs are administered via inhalation

Question 30

What is the primary goal of respiratory medications in the management of COPD?

Accepted Answer

Reversal of airway narrowing

Answer

Improvement of mucociliary clearance

Answer

Reduction of inflammation

Answer

Prevention of asthma attacks

Question 31

Which bronchodilator is most appropriate for the treatment of reversible airways obstruction, such as in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol (a short-acting beta2-agonist)

Answer

Ipratropium bromide (an anticholinergic)

Answer

Cromoglicic acid (a mast cell stabilizer)

Question 32

What is the primary mechanism of action of mucolytics?

Accepted Answer

They reduce the viscosity and elasticity of mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways.

Answer

They inhibit the production of mucus.

Answer

They stimulate the production of mucus.

Question 33

What is the most common systemic adverse effect associated with the use of oral corticosteroids in the treatment of respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome (characterized by weight gain, high blood pressure, and diabetes)

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Tachycardia (fast heart rate)

Answer

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar)

Question 34

Which of the following bronchodilators is a beta2-agonist that relaxes airway smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Salmeterol

Answer

Cromoglicic acid (a mast cell stabilizer)

Answer

Theophylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor)

Answer

Ipratropium bromide (an anticholinergic)

Question 35

What is the main indication for the use of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Asthma (a chronic inflammatory airway disease)

Answer

Pneumonia (an infection of the lungs)

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis (a scarring of the lungs)

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 36

What is the primary mechanism of action of theophylline, a bronchodilator used in the treatment of respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (an enzyme that breaks down cyclic AMP, a molecule involved in airway relaxation)

Answer

Stimulation of histamine receptors

Answer

Activation of beta2-receptors

Answer

Blockade of muscarinic receptors

Question 37

Which of the following bronchodilators is a selective β2-agonist, used to relieve bronchospasm?

Accepted Answer

Salbutamol

Answer

Ipratropium bromide (anticholinergic)

Answer

Cromolyn sodium (mast cell stabilizer)

Answer

Theophylline (non-selective bronchodilator)

Question 38

Montelukast, a leukotriene inhibitor, is primarily used to treat which of the following respiratory disorders?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where leukotrienes play a less significant role

Answer

Rhinitis, primarily treated with antihistamines and nasal corticosteroids

Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis, which is not typically treated with leukotriene inhibitors

Question 39

Which of the following adverse effects is commonly associated with inhaled corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Thrush (a fungal infection in the mouth or throat)

Answer

Tremor (more common with systemic corticosteroids)

Answer

Bronchospasm (more common with inhaled anticholinergics)

Answer

Hypertension (not typically associated with inhaled corticosteroids)

Question 40

Acetylcysteine, a mucolytic, is used to treat conditions characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Thick and viscous mucus

Answer

Constricted airways (addressed by bronchodilators)

Answer

Inflamed airways (addressed by anti-inflammatory medications)

Answer

Excessive mucus production (not specifically addressed by mucolytics)

Question 41

When administering a nebulized bronchodilator, it is important to:

Accepted Answer

Use a spacer device to enhance drug delivery and reduce deposition in the oropharynx

Answer

Instruct the patient to hold their breath for 5 seconds after inhalation (not recommended for most nebulizers)

Answer

Administer the medication in an upright position (not essential for nebulizer use)

Answer

Shake the nebulizer well before use (already implied in proper nebulizer preparation)

Question 42

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic bronchodilator?

Accepted Answer

Narrow-angle glaucoma, as it can worsen intraocular pressure

Answer

Asthma (not a contraindication)

Answer

Emphysema (not a contraindication)

Answer

COPD (not a contraindication)

Question 43

Aminophylline, a methylxanthine bronchodilator, exerts its effects primarily by:

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase, increasing intracellular cAMP levels and relaxing airway smooth muscle

Answer

Blocking β-adrenergic receptors (not a mechanism of action for aminophylline)

Answer

Stimulating muscarinic receptors (not a mechanism of action for aminophylline)

Answer

Enhancing histamine release (not a mechanism of action for aminophylline)

Question 44

Which of the following is an expected adverse effect of salbutamol, a β2-agonist bronchodilator?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia (increased heart rate)

Answer

Hyperglycemia (not a typical adverse effect of salbutamol)

Answer

Constipation (not a typical adverse effect of salbutamol)

Answer

Hypotension (not a typical adverse effect of salbutamol)

Question 45

When assessing the effectiveness of a corticosteroid inhaler, which of the following parameters is most indicative of improvement?

Accepted Answer

Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), which measures the maximum force of exhalation and is commonly used to monitor asthma control

Answer

Heart rate (not typically affected by corticosteroid inhalers)

Answer

Blood pressure (not typically affected by corticosteroid inhalers)

Answer

Oxygen saturation (more relevant for assessing respiratory function than corticosteroid effectiveness)

Question 46

Which of the following factors can increase the risk of developing respiratory disorders, such as asthma or COPD?

Accepted Answer

Smoking, which damages the airways and increases inflammation

Answer

Adequate sleep (generally not associated with increased respiratory disorder risk)

Answer

Healthy diet (may have some protective effects against respiratory disorders)

Answer

Regular exercise (typically beneficial for respiratory health)