Cardiovascular Disorders: Physiology for Healthcare Professionals

Question 1

Which of the following is the most prevalent cause of hypertension in adults?

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension

Answer

Renal artery stenosis

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 2

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of an acute myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea

Question 3

What is the term for the condition characterized by left ventricular enlargement?

Accepted Answer

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Cardiomyopathy

Answer

Arrhythmia

Question 4

In the electrocardiographic presentation of atrial fibrillation, what is typically observed?

Accepted Answer

Regularly irregular P waves

Answer

Irregular QRS complexes

Answer

Narrow QRS complexes with rapid ventricular rate

Answer

Wide QRS complexes with slow ventricular rate

Question 5

In pacemaker lead placement, which lead is positioned within the coronary sinus?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sinus lead

Answer

Right atrial lead

Answer

Right ventricular lead

Answer

Left ventricular lead

Question 6

What is the term for the accumulation of fatty plaques within the walls of arteries?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Arteriosclerosis

Answer

Thrombosis

Answer

Embolism

Question 7

Which of the following is a primary risk factor for developing hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Low sodium intake

Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption

Question 8

Which type of heart failure is caused by a sudden decrease in cardiac output due to an acute event, such as a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

Acute heart failure

Answer

Left-sided heart failure

Answer

Right-sided heart failure

Answer

Chronic heart failure

Question 9

What is the primary symptom of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Palpitations

Question 10

Which type of medication is typically used to treat bradycardia?

Accepted Answer

Atropine

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Question 11

Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to visualize the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 12

Which of the following arrhythmias is most commonly responsible for sudden cardiac arrest?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer

Asystole

Answer

Pulseless electrical activity

Question 13

What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult?

Accepted Answer

60-80 bpm

Answer

80-100 bpm

Answer

100-120 bpm

Answer

120-140 bpm

Question 14

Assess the effectiveness of public health campaigns in reducing cardiovascular disorders. Discuss the challenges and opportunities for enhancing their impact.

Accepted Answer

Challenges include funding constraints, competing health concerns, and cultural influences.

Accepted Answer

Opportunities include collaboration and leveraging technology for targeted messaging.

Answer

Public health campaigns have a negligible impact on reducing cardiovascular disorders.

Answer

Public health campaigns should solely focus on changing individual behaviors.

Question 15

Which symptom is most commonly associated with coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Chest discomfort or pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Persistent fatigue

Answer

Swelling in the lower extremities

Question 16

Which type of heart failure is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Systolic heart failure

Answer

Diastolic heart failure

Answer

Biventricular heart failure

Answer

Right-sided heart failure

Question 17

Which medication class is primarily used to manage hypertension and prevent strokes?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Diuretics

Answer

Statins

Question 18

What is the leading cause of mortality in patients with advanced stages of heart failure?

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic shock

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Answer

Sepsis

Question 19

What is the primary pathophysiological process underlying atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Plaque buildup within the arteries

Answer

Constriction of blood vessels

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Answer

Damage to the heart muscle

Question 20

What is the primary function of angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Enlarging narrowed arteries

Answer

Removing blood clots

Answer

Improving cardiac function

Answer

Preventing heart attacks

Question 21

What is the primary symptom of angina?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea

Question 22

Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Claudication

Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Nausea

Question 23

What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy in the United Kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer

Ischemic cardiomyopathy

Question 24

What is the predominant underlying cause of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Elevated Cholesterol Levels

Answer

Diabetes

Question 25

Which risk factor for cardiovascular disease cannot be modified?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Diet

Answer

Physical Activity

Question 26

Identify the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest.

Accepted Answer

Ventricular Arrhythmia

Answer

Myocardial Infarction

Answer

Heart Failure

Answer

Cardiac Tamponade

Question 27

Identify the definitive diagnostic procedure for coronary artery disease.

Accepted Answer

Coronary Angiography

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Question 28

To reduce fluid retention in a patient with heart failure, which nursing intervention is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Restrict fluid intake

Answer

Administer supplemental oxygen

Answer

Increase dietary salt intake

Answer

Encourage complete bed rest

Question 29

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Consuming alcohol in moderation

Answer

Maintaining a healthy diet

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 30

What is the primary underlying cause of atherosclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Buildup of plaque, consisting of cholesterol and other substances, within the walls of arteries

Answer

Chronic inflammation of the blood vessels

Answer

Viral infection of the heart muscle

Answer

Bacterial infection of the arteries

Question 31

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Stress

Answer

Unhealthy diet

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 32

What is the primary objective of treatment for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Lowering blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications, such as stroke or heart attack

Answer

Reducing cholesterol levels

Answer

Preventing angina

Answer

Improving circulation to the extremities

Question 33

Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat angina?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Statins

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Warfarin

Question 34

What is the primary function of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)?

Accepted Answer

Detecting and delivering an electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm in the event of life-threatening arrhythmias

Answer

Improving heart rate and blood pressure

Answer

Relieving chest pain

Answer

Lowering cholesterol levels

Question 35

Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Myocarditis

Answer

Endocarditis

Answer

Pericarditis

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT considered a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disorders?

Accepted Answer

Low Physical Activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Dyslipidemia

Answer

Hypertension

Question 37

What is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer

Myocardial Infarction

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 38

What is the initial management strategy for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle Modifications

Answer

Antihypertensive Medications

Answer

Angioplasty

Answer

Surgery

Question 39

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for evaluating coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary Angiography

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Stress Test

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Question 40

Which type of medication is primarily used to relieve angina symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Nitrates

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Statins

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 41

What is the most prevalent type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic Stroke

Answer

Transient Ischemic Attack

Answer

Embolic Stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic Stroke