Hormones and Their Actions: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Physiology

Question 1

Hormones travel throughout the body, but each hormone only affects specific 'target' cells. How do these hormones recognize their target cells?

Accepted Answer

Hormones bind to specific receptors found only on their target cells.

Answer

Hormones are altered in the liver to become specific to their target cells.

Answer

Target cells release signals that attract specific hormones.

Answer

Special proteins carry hormones directly to their target cells.

Question 2

Which endocrine disorder is characterized by excessive cortisol secretion, leading to Cushing's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 3

What ethical considerations and potential risks must be addressed before administering hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent and education about risks and benefits are essential before starting HRT.

Answer

HRT is always beneficial and has no risks.

Answer

HRT should never be used due to ethical concerns.

Answer

Long-term HRT is always safe and has no consequences.

Question 4

Which hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Cortisol

Question 5

Which type of feedback loop occurs when the product of a process inhibits the initial step?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 6

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 7

Which condition results from an underactive thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 8

Which class of hormones uses adenylate cyclase to produce its secondary messengers?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 10

Which of the following is a negative feedback loop in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Increased hormone levels inhibit production of more hormone

Answer

Increased hormone levels stimulate production of more hormone

Answer

Decreased hormone levels stimulate production of less hormone

Answer

Decreased hormone levels inhibit production of less hormone

Question 11

What is the effect of thyroxine on metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

Increases metabolic rate

Answer

Decreases metabolic rate

Answer

No effect on metabolic rate

Answer

Increases metabolic rate in some tissues and decreases it in others

Question 12

Which hormone is released in response to stress?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Endorphins

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 14

How do insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin promotes glycogenesis, while glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis.

Answer

Insulin inhibits glycogenesis, while glucagon inhibits gluconeogenesis.

Answer

Insulin promotes gluconeogenesis, while glucagon promotes glycogenesis.

Question 15

Explain how hormones can influence the immune system.

Accepted Answer

Hormones directly affect immune cell activity.

Accepted Answer

Hormones regulate the production of immune mediators.

Answer

Hormones have no impact on the immune system.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Initiating immune reactions

Answer

Regulating physiological processes

Answer

Communicating between cells

Answer

Triggering specific cellular responses

Question 17

The pituitary gland is often called the 'master gland' because it:

Accepted Answer

Controls the activity of other endocrine glands

Answer

Secretes hormones that directly target body tissues

Answer

Produces the majority of hormones in the body

Answer

coordinates the actions of the nervous system

Question 18

Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Cortisol

Question 19

Which of the following molecules serves as a second messenger in cellular signaling?

Accepted Answer

cAMP

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Insulin

Question 20

The adrenal glands primarily secrete hormones in response to:

Accepted Answer

Stressful situations

Answer

Low blood sugar levels

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Changes in external temperature

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormones?

Accepted Answer

Act as enzymes

Answer

Produced by endocrine glands

Answer

Released into the bloodstream

Answer

Bind to specific receptors on target cells

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action for steroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Binding to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression

Answer

Binding to cell surface receptors

Answer

Stimulating the release of second messengers

Answer

Inhibiting enzyme activity

Question 23

Which hormone plays a primary role in regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 24

What is the hypothalamus's primary function in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Produces releasing hormones that control hormone secretion from the pituitary gland

Answer

Produces target hormones that directly affect target cells

Answer

Stores and releases hormones produced by other endocrine glands

Answer

Regulates the production of all hormones in the body

Question 25

Which type of feedback loop results in a decrease in hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Answer

Positive feedback loop

Answer

Ultradian feedback loop

Answer

Circadian feedback loop

Question 26

Which gland is the primary source of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal medulla

Answer

Adrenal cortex

Answer

Pituitary gland

Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 27

Which hormone is involved in promoting bone growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 28

What is the primary action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

Regulates blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

Answer

Increases urine output by inhibiting water reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer

Stimulates thirst

Question 29

Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins.

Answer

Their effects can be long-lasting or short-lived.

Answer

They exert specific effects on target cells with receptors.

Answer

They are released into the bloodstream.

Question 30

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Estrogen

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 31

Which of the following is not a potential consequence of hormone imbalances?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone density

Answer

Infertility

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 32

Which type of hormone is able to cross the cell membrane and bind directly to intracellular receptors?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Amine hormone

Answer

Eicosanoid

Answer

Peptide hormone

Question 33

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining homeostasis

Answer

Digesting food

Answer

Filtering the blood

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormones?

Accepted Answer

They are always proteins.

Answer

They exert their effects by binding to receptors.

Answer

They are secreted by endocrine glands.

Answer

They have specific target cells.

Question 35

Which hormone is responsible for regulating blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin and glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 36

What is the role of second messengers in hormone action?

Accepted Answer

They relay the hormone signal within the target cell.

Answer

They are released from the target cell membrane.

Answer

They bind directly to hormone receptors.

Question 37

Which hormone stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

ACTH

Answer

FSH

Answer

LH

Answer

TSH

Question 38

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

To regulate physiological processes through the release of hormones.

Answer

To fight off infections.

Answer

To produce energy for the body.

Question 39

Which of the following hormones plays a significant role in growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Testosterone

Answer

Progesterone

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 40

What is the mechanism by which steroid hormones exert their effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

They bind to receptors within the cell nucleus.

Answer

They activate G-proteins.

Answer

They bind to receptors on the cell membrane.

Answer

They stimulate the release of second messengers.

Question 41

Which hormone is responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Thyroxine

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT a common endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Arthritis

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome