Nervous System Disorders: Learn About Common Conditions and Their Impact

Question 1

What is a key clinical characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Progressive memory loss

Answer

Resting tremors

Answer

Slowed movement

Answer

Muscle stiffness

Question 2

Which of the following is a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Accepted Answer

Memantine

Answer

Antipsychotics

Question 3

Which region of the brain is primarily affected in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Basal ganglia

Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Thalamus

Answer

Hippocampus

Question 4

Which type of neuron is predominantly affected in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Cholinergic neurons

Answer

Dopaminergic neurons

Answer

Glutamatergic neurons

Answer

GABAergic neurons

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic clinical feature of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Hyperreflexia

Answer

Resting tremor

Answer

Muscle rigidity

Question 6

What is the most prevalent symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremor

Answer

Bradykinesia

Answer

Muscle rigidity

Answer

Cognitive impairment

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Glutamate

Question 8

Which type of stroke is caused by bleeding into brain tissue?

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack

Answer

Lacunar stroke

Question 9

What is the main pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Lewy bodies

Answer

Neurofibrillary tangles

Answer

Tau protein accumulation

Question 10

Which of the following is a protective factor against stroke?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Physical inactivity

Question 11

What is the term for a temporary, reversible loss of neurological function caused by reduced blood flow to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Transient ischemic attack

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Seizure

Answer

Syncope

Question 12

Which brain region is responsible for coordinating movement and balance?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Answer

Cerebrum

Answer

Brainstem

Answer

Spinal cord

Question 13

Which of the following is an immediate symptom of a stroke?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Gradual memory loss

Answer

Tremors and muscle stiffness

Answer

Impaired balance and coordination

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is primarily responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

GABA

Question 15

Which treatment is commonly used for acute ischemic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Administration of clot-dissolving medication

Answer

Blood-thinning medication

Answer

Anticoagulant therapy

Answer

Carotid artery surgery

Question 16

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by a decline in which cognitive function?

Accepted Answer

Memory (amnesia)

Answer

Language (aphasia)

Answer

Motor skills (apraxia)

Answer

Coordination (ataxia)

Question 17

When does Alzheimer's disease typically begin?

Accepted Answer

60-70 years

Answer

40-50 years

Answer

50-60 years

Answer

70-80 years

Question 18

Which of the following is a transient symptom of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

Accepted Answer

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Progressive memory loss

Answer

Tremors and muscle rigidity

Answer

Impaired balance and coordination

Question 19

What is the primary symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremors

Answer

Confusion

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Tremors

Answer

Memory loss

Answer

Confusion

Answer

Aphasia

Question 21

Which type of dementia is most prevalent among the elderly population?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Vascular dementia

Answer

Lewy body dementia

Answer

Frontotemporal dementia

Question 22

What is the main function of the cerebellum in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Coordination and balance

Answer

Cognitive function

Answer

Motor control

Answer

Sensory perception

Question 23

Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected in Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 24

What is the term for a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a sudden decrease in blood flow to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Syncope

Answer

Seizure

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Coma

Question 25

What is the primary factor contributing to the development of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in specific brain regions

Answer

Accumulation of abnormal protein deposits known as amyloid plaques

Answer

Chronic inflammation and damage within the central nervous system

Answer

Viral infection and subsequent damage to brain cells

Question 26

Which class of medications is commonly employed to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Cholinesterase inhibitors that enhance neurotransmitter function

Answer

Antipsychotics that regulate dopamine and serotonin activity

Answer

Antidepressants that alleviate mood disturbances

Answer

Anticonvulsants that control seizures

Question 27

What is the fundamental distinction between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke arises from a blood clot obstructing an artery, while hemorrhagic stroke results from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain.

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke is more prevalent than ischemic stroke

Answer

Ischemic stroke typically causes less severe symptoms compared to hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

None of the above accurately describes the difference

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular engagement in strenuous physical activity

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Family history of the condition

Answer

Exposure to specific environmental toxins

Question 29

What is the primary role of the basal ganglia within the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Coordinating movement and maintaining motor control

Answer

Regulating emotions and behavioral responses

Answer

Processing sensory information and perceptions

Answer

Storing and retrieving memories

Question 30

What is the key difference between primary and secondary gliosis?

Accepted Answer

Primary gliosis is a reactive response to neuronal damage, while secondary gliosis is triggered by inflammatory processes

Answer

Secondary gliosis is more widespread than primary gliosis

Answer

Primary gliosis can lead to scarring and tissue damage

Answer

None of the above options correctly describes the distinction

Question 31

Which of the following is a characteristic early symptom of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with language and communication

Answer

Tremors and rigidity

Answer

Sudden onset of weakness or numbness

Answer

Loss of balance and coordination

Question 32

What is the most prevalent type of stroke?

Accepted Answer

Ischemic stroke

Answer

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 33

Which neurotransmitter is predominantly affected in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

GABA

Question 34

What is the initial treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke?

Accepted Answer

Administration of thrombolytic agents

Answer

Surgery to remove the blood clot

Answer

Antiplatelet therapy

Answer

Rehabilitative exercises

Question 35

Identify the most immediate symptom typically associated with a stroke:

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset of weakness or numbness on one side of the body

Answer

Elevated blood pressure

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Gradual loss of coordination

Question 36

In Parkinson's disease, which region of the brain is primarily affected by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons?

Accepted Answer

Substantia nigra

Answer

Frontal lobe

Answer

Hippocampus

Answer

Cerebellum

Question 37

Which of the following is an initial symptom often associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty recalling recent events (short-term memory loss)

Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Personality changes

Answer

Motor impairments

Question 38

What is the primary treatment option for acute ischemic stroke caused by a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

Administration of thrombolytic therapy to dissolve the clot

Answer

Surgical intervention to remove the clot

Answer

Antihypertensive medication to lower blood pressure

Answer

Physical therapy to improve mobility

Question 39

What is the primary neuropathological characteristic associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease?

Accepted Answer

Formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain

Answer

Oxidative stress causing cellular damage

Answer

Viral infection leading to neuronal loss

Answer

Inflammation of brain tissue

Question 40

Besides motor symptoms, which of the following is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Depression

Answer

Tremor

Answer

Rigidity

Answer

Bradykinesia

Question 41

For the initial treatment of mild Alzheimer's disease, which class of medications is typically recommended?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors to increase acetylcholine levels in the brain

Answer

Antipsychotics to manage behavioral symptoms

Answer

No specific treatment is available at this stage

Answer

Dopamine agonists to stimulate dopamine receptors

Question 42

Which type of dementia is the most prevalent globally?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Frontotemporal dementia

Answer

Vascular dementia

Answer

Lewy body dementia