What is Psychology? Definition, History, and Perspectives

Question 1

Which of these is NOT a major perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Psychoanalytic

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Humanistic

Question 2

In what way does culture impact the formation of psychological phenomena?

Accepted Answer

Culture shapes psychological phenomena by establishing a shared framework of beliefs, values, and norms.

Answer

Culture has a minimal impact on psychological phenomena.

Answer

Culture mainly influences superficial aspects of behavior, such as language and customs.

Answer

Culture does not influence the conduct of psychological research.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a core perspective in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Existential

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Biological

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions based solely on personal experiences

Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Answer

Conducting controlled experiments

Answer

Replicating findings

Question 5

What is the term for the systematic process of collecting and organizing data?

Accepted Answer

Observation

Answer

Experimentation

Answer

Interpretation

Answer

Research design

Question 6

Who is widely regarded as the founder of psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Jung

Answer

William James

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 7

What is the term for the scientific study of observable behavior?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Biological psychology

Answer

Physiological psychology

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a subfield of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Emotion

Answer

Memory

Answer

Language

Answer

Intelligence

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT recognized as one of the major perspectives in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Existential

Answer

Behavioral

Answer

Cognitive

Answer

Biological

Question 10

What is the scientific method best described as?

Accepted Answer

A systematic approach to gathering and analyzing data

Answer

A set of theories about human behavior

Answer

A research method involving only non-human subjects

Answer

A diagnostic tool used to assess mental disorders

Question 11

Who is widely regarded as the pioneer of experimental psychology?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

William James

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 12

Which type of research method involves observing and recording behavior in its natural context?

Accepted Answer

Observational research

Answer

Experimental research

Answer

Correlational research

Answer

Case study research

Question 13

What is the primary distinction between a hypothesis and a theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a specific prediction, while a theory is a more general explanation.

Answer

A theory is a specific prediction, while a hypothesis is a more general explanation.

Answer

A hypothesis and a theory are essentially the same.

Answer

A hypothesis is more likely to be true than a theory.

Question 14

Which ethical principle requires psychologists to maintain the privacy of their clients?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 15

What is the primary distinction between a clinical psychologist and a counseling psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists focus on treating severe mental disorders, while counseling psychologists focus on addressing everyday concerns.

Answer

Counseling psychologists focus on treating severe mental disorders, while clinical psychologists focus on addressing everyday concerns.

Answer

Clinical psychologists and counseling psychologists have identical roles.

Answer

Counseling psychologists have more specialized training than clinical psychologists.

Question 16

Which subfield of psychology primarily focuses on studying human development across the lifespan?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Social psychology

Answer

Personality psychology

Question 17

How does culture play a role in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Culture exerts a significant influence on our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.

Answer

Culture has no notable influence on psychology.

Answer

Culture is only relevant in cross-cultural research studies.

Answer

Psychology is not affected by culture.

Question 18

What is a fundamental goal of psychology?

Accepted Answer

To comprehend, predict, and change behavior.

Answer

To eradicate mental health disorders.

Answer

To solely focus on making people happy.

Answer

To manipulate and control individuals' minds.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT considered a major school of thought in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Behaviouralism

Answer

Cognitivism

Answer

Humanism

Question 20

The process of the scientific method involves:

Accepted Answer

Performing all of the above

Answer

Formulating a hypothesis

Answer

Testing the hypothesis

Answer

Drawing conclusions

Question 21

Who is widely regarded as the 'Father of Psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Jean Piaget

Answer

Carl Jung

Question 22

A psychologist who specialises in the connection between brain function and behaviour is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychologist

Answer

Cognitive psychologist

Answer

Clinical psychologist

Answer

Educational psychologist

Question 23

Ethics are crucial in psychology because they:

Accepted Answer

Encompass all of the above

Answer

Safeguard the rights of participants

Answer

Ensure the reliability of research

Answer

Preserve the credibility of psychology

Question 24

Which subfield of psychology primarily studies the mental processes involved in language?

Accepted Answer

Psycholinguistics

Answer

Neuropsychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Question 25

Who first introduced the idea of the 'unconscious mind'?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

Abraham Maslow

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used method in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Astrology

Answer

Observation

Answer

Interviews

Answer

Case studies

Question 27

From which Greek terms is the word 'psychology' derived?

Accepted Answer

Psyche and logos

Answer

Physis and psyche

Answer

Logos and ethos

Answer

Ethos and pathos

Question 28

Which characteristic is NOT associated with psychology as a science?

Accepted Answer

Based on personal interpretations

Answer

Relies on objective observations

Answer

Employs empirical data

Answer

Emphasizes critical thinking

Question 29

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Psychology'?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Question 30

Which psychological perspective focuses on the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior?

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Behaviourism

Answer

Humanism

Answer

Cognitive

Question 31

In psychological research, which method involves manipulating an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Case study

Answer

Survey

Question 32

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

To provide a specific prediction

Answer

To explain all possible outcomes

Answer

To prove a theory

Answer

To collect data

Question 33

Which ethical principle is of paramount importance in psychological research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Objectivity

Answer

Avoiding harm

Question 34

What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?

Accepted Answer

To promote personal growth and potential

Answer

To understand the unconscious mind

Answer

To observe and control behavior

Answer

To diagnose and treat mental disorders

Question 35

Which concept is central to the field of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Mental processes

Answer

Behavioural responses

Answer

Unconscious conflicts

Answer

Environmental influences

Question 36

What is the distinction between a correlation and a causation in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

A correlation shows a relationship between variables, while a causation shows one variable directly causes the other.

Answer

A causation shows a relationship between variables, while a correlation shows one variable directly causes the other.

Answer

They are interchangeable terms.

Answer

A correlation is stronger than a causation.

Question 37

Which of the following definitions best captures the essence of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer

The application of techniques to alleviate mental distress

Answer

The exploration of human nature through subjective interpretation

Question 38

Who is widely recognized as the pioneer of psychology as a formal scientific discipline?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer

B.F. Skinner

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Carl Rogers

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT considered a major theoretical perspective within the field of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Mysticism

Answer

Psychodynamic

Answer

Humanistic

Answer

Behavioral

Question 40

In psychological research, which method is most commonly employed to establish cause-and-effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

The scientific method

Answer

The historical method

Answer

The naturalistic observation method

Answer

The case study method

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT a recognized subfield within the broad discipline of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Astropsychology

Answer

Cognitive psychology

Answer

Developmental psychology

Answer

Clinical psychology

Question 42

Critical thinking in psychology involves which of the following essential skills?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating evidence objectively

Answer

Accepting all information without question

Answer

Ignoring perspectives that challenge one's own beliefs

Answer

Relying exclusively on personal experiences

Question 43

Which of the following is a potential benefit of studying psychology?

Accepted Answer

Increased self-awareness and understanding

Answer

Unrestricted control over others' behavior

Answer

Guaranteed success in all aspects of life

Answer

Supernatural abilities, such as mind-reading