The Heart: Structure, Function, and Physiology for Sport Professionals

Question 1

Which valve prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary valve

Answer

Mitral valve

Answer

Aortic valve

Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 2

The thick, muscular layer of the heart responsible for pumping blood is called the:

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Answer

Endocardium

Answer

Epicardium

Answer

Pericardium

Question 3

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Veins

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Venules

Question 4

The specialized group of cells in the heart that initiates electrical impulses is called the:

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Atrioventricular node

Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 5

Which type of blood vessel has the narrowest diameter?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Answer

Arteries

Answer

Veins

Answer

Vena cava

Question 6

The sinoatrial node is located in which chamber of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Right ventricle

Answer

Left atrium

Answer

Left ventricle

Question 7

An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals a prolonged QT interval. Which condition is most likely associated with this finding?

Accepted Answer

Long QT syndrome

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Atrial fibrillation

Question 8

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect heart rate and cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic: increases both heart rate and cardiac output; Parasympathetic: decreases both heart rate and cardiac output

Answer

Sympathetic: decreases both heart rate and cardiac output; Parasympathetic: increases both heart rate and cardiac output

Answer

Sympathetic: increases heart rate but decreases cardiac output; Parasympathetic: decreases heart rate but increases cardiac output

Answer

Sympathetic: decreases heart rate but increases cardiac output; Parasympathetic: increases heart rate but decreases cardiac output

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the heart wall?

Accepted Answer

Parietal Pericardium

Answer

Epicardium

Answer

Myocardium

Answer

Endocardium

Question 10

What is the specific bundle of fibers that conducts electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Atrioventricular bundle

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 11

Which component of the heart's electrical conduction system is responsible for initiating the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial node

Answer

Atrioventricular node

Answer

Bundle of His

Answer

Purkinje fibers

Question 12

For a healthy adult at rest, what is the normal range for heart rate?

Accepted Answer

60-80 beats per minute

Answer

40-60 beats per minute

Answer

80-100 beats per minute

Answer

100-120 beats per minute

Question 13

What is the name of the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

Accepted Answer

Coronary arteries

Answer

Pulmonary arteries

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Vena cavae

Question 14

Which term describes the condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged?

Accepted Answer

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer

Hypertrophy

Answer

Arrhythmia

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 15

Which term refers to the measurement of the electrical activity of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Electrocardiogram

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Cardiac catheterization

Answer

Blood pressure monitoring

Question 16

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygen-rich blood?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Right ventricle

Answer

Left ventricle

Question 17

Identify the hormone released by the heart in response to increased blood volume.

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer

Adrenaline

Answer

Noradrenaline

Answer

Renin

Question 18

What triggers the coordinated contraction of the heart's chambers?

Accepted Answer

Electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node)

Answer

Hormonal signals from the pituitary gland

Answer

Pressure changes within the heart

Question 19

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Left atrium

Answer

Right ventricle

Answer

Right atrium

Answer

Left ventricle

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary function of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle

Answer

Regulating heart rate

Answer

Located on the outer surface of the heart

Answer

Draining deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle

Question 21

Which factors can influence an individual's heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system activity, hormones, and physical activity

Answer

Hormones and physical activity only

Answer

Age and body temperature only

Question 22

Which of the following is not a component of the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Answer

Connective tissue

Answer

Blood vessels

Answer

Cardiac muscle cells

Question 23

What is the primary function of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

Protecting and enclosing the heart

Answer

Regulating heart rate

Answer

Producing cardiac muscle cells

Answer

Pumping blood through the body

Question 24

How does regular physical activity impact the heart?

Accepted Answer

Increases heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output

Answer

Has no significant effect on the heart

Answer

Decreases heart rate and stroke volume