Body Composition and Energy Balance: Learn and Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following methods is considered the most accurate and reliable for assessing body composition?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Answer

Anthropometry

Answer

Skinfold calipers

Question 2

The term 'energy balance' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The difference between energy intake and energy expenditure

Answer

The amount of energy stored in the body

Answer

The rate at which energy is produced

Answer

The ratio of body fat to lean muscle mass

Question 3

Which hormone primarily promotes energy storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

The thermic effect of food refers to:

Accepted Answer

The energy required to digest, absorb, and store food

Answer

The energy utilized during physical activity

Answer

The energy lost through heat production

Answer

The energy stored as body fat

Question 5

Which type of exercise is most effective for reducing body fat percentage?

Accepted Answer

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

Answer

Resistance training

Answer

Aerobic training

Answer

Plyometrics

Question 6

The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

The ratio of oxygen consumption to carbon dioxide production

Answer

The percentage of body fat compared to lean muscle mass

Answer

The energy expenditure per minute

Answer

The hydration level of the body

Question 7

The body mass index (BMI) is primarily used to indicate:

Accepted Answer

Body weight in relation to height

Answer

Percentage of body fat

Answer

Energy expenditure

Answer

Muscle mass

Question 8

Which of the following methods provides a direct measure of body fat mass?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Answer

Anthropometry

Answer

Air displacement plethysmography

Question 9

Select the key concept of energy balance:

Accepted Answer

Energy intake equals energy expenditure

Answer

Energy intake should always exceed energy expenditure

Answer

Energy expenditure should always exceed energy intake

Answer

Energy balance is irrelevant for athletes

Question 10

What is leptin's role in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits appetite

Answer

Stimulates appetite

Answer

Regulates blood glucose levels

Answer

Has no role in energy balance

Question 11

Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Fats

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Alcohol

Question 12

Identify the term for the body's process of converting food into energy:

Accepted Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Digestion

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Excretion

Question 13

What are the most common health consequences of anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis, low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance

Answer

Increased muscle mass, high blood pressure, dehydration

Answer

Enhanced immune function, improved mood, increased energy levels

Answer

Increased bone density, high body weight, fluid retention

Question 14

How does altering the intensity and duration of exercise impact energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Higher intensity and longer duration lead to increased energy expenditure.

Answer

Higher intensity but shorter duration leads to increased energy expenditure.

Answer

Lower intensity with longer duration leads to decreased energy expenditure.

Answer

Energy expenditure remains unchanged regardless of exercise intensity or duration.

Question 15

What is 'non-exercise activity thermogenesis' (NEAT)? Provide examples of how it contributes to daily energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

Energy used for activities like walking, fidgeting, and daily tasks.

Answer

Energy used for muscle growth.

Answer

Energy used during sleep and rest.

Answer

Energy used for digesting food.

Question 16

Which body composition assessment technique is generally considered the most accurate for measuring body fat percentage?

Accepted Answer

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

Answer

Underwater weighing

Answer

Skinfold calipers

Answer

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

Question 17

A person with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Overweight

Answer

Obese

Answer

Underweight

Answer

Normal weight

Question 18

Which of the following factors is NOT a direct influence on energy balance?

Accepted Answer

Genetics

Answer

Calorie intake

Answer

Physical activity level

Answer

Thermic effect of food

Question 19

A positive energy balance occurs when:

Accepted Answer

Calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Answer

Calorie intake and energy expenditure are equal.

Answer

None of the above.

Answer

Energy expenditure exceeds calorie intake.

Question 20

Which of the following is a potential consequence of consistently consuming fewer calories than you burn (negative energy balance)?

Accepted Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Weight gain

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

Improved athletic performance

Question 21

How does regular exercise impact body fat mass?

Accepted Answer

It can increase fat oxidation and decrease fat storage.

Answer

It only increases fat storage.

Answer

It has no effect on fat mass.

Question 22

Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Fat

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Fiber

Question 23

What is the primary role of leptin in energy balance?

Accepted Answer

It signals satiety (fullness) to the brain, reducing appetite.

Answer

It has no role in energy balance.

Answer

It increases hunger and appetite.

Answer

It stimulates energy expenditure.