Neuromuscular Function: Structure, Function, and Role in Exercise

Question 1

Which of the following is not a type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Question 2

Which of the following factors does NOT affect motor unit recruitment?

Accepted Answer

Temperature

Answer

Muscle force required

Answer

Muscle fiber type

Answer

Speed of movement

Question 3

Which type of muscle fiber exhibits the greatest force-generating capacity?

Accepted Answer

Type IIb

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Question 4

What is the primary role of the Golgi tendon organ in the neuromuscular system?

Accepted Answer

Sensing muscle length and tension

Answer

Initiating muscle contraction

Answer

Transmitting nerve impulses to the spinal cord

Answer

Controlling muscle metabolism

Question 5

Which type of muscle contraction involves a change in muscle length?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Answer

Isometric

Answer

Isokinetic

Answer

Plyometric

Question 6

What is the primary role of creatine phosphate in muscle metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Providing energy for muscle contraction

Answer

Buffering lactic acid

Answer

Increasing muscle mass

Answer

Improving muscle coordination

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a recognized type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIb

Question 8

The recruitment threshold refers to the minimum stimulus required to activate a:

Accepted Answer

Motor unit

Answer

Motor neuron

Answer

Muscle fiber

Answer

Sarcomere

Question 9

Which of the following is a fundamental mechanism of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sliding filament model

Answer

Isometric contraction

Answer

Eccentric contraction

Answer

Concentric contraction

Question 10

The process by which the neuromuscular system adapts to repeated exercise is known as:

Accepted Answer

Neural adaptation

Answer

Acclimatization

Answer

Habituation

Answer

Sensitization

Question 11

The innervation ratio refers to the:

Accepted Answer

Number of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron

Answer

Number of motor neurons innervated by a single muscle fiber

Answer

Ratio of slow-twitch to fast-twitch muscle fibers

Answer

Ratio of Type I to Type II muscle fibers

Question 12

The length-tension relationship describes the:

Accepted Answer

Relationship between muscle length and force production capacity

Answer

Relationship between muscle contraction and oxygen consumption

Answer

Relationship between muscle fatigue and recovery

Answer

Relationship between muscle mass and power output

Question 13

What is the primary neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 14

What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Stores calcium ions for release during muscle contraction

Answer

Transports calcium ions out of the muscle cell

Answer

Produces ATP for muscle contraction

Answer

Inhibits muscle contraction

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the neuromuscular system?

Accepted Answer

Circulation

Answer

Movement

Answer

Posture

Answer

Respiration

Question 16

What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic contractions involve muscle shortening, while isometric contractions do not.

Answer

Isotonic contractions involve muscle lengthening, while isometric contractions do not.

Answer

Isometric contractions involve muscle shortening, while isotonic contractions do not.

Answer

Isometric contractions involve muscle lengthening, while isotonic contractions do not.

Question 17

Which of the following hormones stimulates muscle protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

What is the role of muscle spindles in maintaining muscle tone?

Accepted Answer

They sense changes in muscle length and initiate reflexes to maintain muscle contraction.

Answer

They inhibit muscle contraction when the muscle is stretched.

Answer

They stimulate muscle contraction when the muscle is stretched.

Answer

They have no role in maintaining muscle tone.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type IIa

Answer

Type IIx

Answer

Type I

Question 20

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Serotonin

Question 21

What is the term for the sequential recruitment of motor units in response to increasing force demand?

Accepted Answer

Motor unit recruitment

Answer

Muscle fatigue

Answer

Muscle twitch

Answer

Action potential

Question 22

What is the primary energy currency for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Lactate

Answer

Creatine phosphate

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting motor unit recruitment?

Accepted Answer

Muscle elasticity

Answer

Force demand

Answer

Muscle length

Answer

Fatigue

Question 24

What is the term for the gradual loss of muscle force-generating capacity over time?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fatigue

Answer

Muscle atrophy

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Muscle soreness

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of muscle fatigue?

Accepted Answer

Increased muscle coordination

Answer

Increased energy demand

Answer

Reduced muscle force

Answer

Increased muscle relaxation time

Question 26

Which mechanism is primarily responsible for muscle growth and repair?

Accepted Answer

Muscle protein synthesis

Answer

Motor unit potentiation

Answer

Muscle fiber recruitment

Answer

Muscle protein degradation

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Slow twitch, fatigue-resistant

Answer

Fast twitch, oxidative

Answer

Fast twitch, glycolytic

Answer

Slow twitch, glycolytic