Antioxidants and Recovery in Nutrition for Sport: Advanced Diploma

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT typically classified as an antioxidant enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Ascorbate oxidase

Answer

Superoxide dismutase

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Glutathione reductase

Question 2

What is the primary function of antioxidants in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress

Answer

To enhance muscle recovery

Answer

To improve athletic performance

Answer

To regulate electrolyte balance

Question 3

Which of the following food sources is a particularly rich source of vitamin C, a potent antioxidant?

Accepted Answer

Berries

Answer

Spinach

Answer

Sweet potatoes

Answer

Brown rice

Question 4

What is a key difference between enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic antioxidants are produced by the body, while non-enzymatic antioxidants are obtained from the diet.

Answer

Enzymatic antioxidants are more effective than non-enzymatic antioxidants.

Answer

Non-enzymatic antioxidants are more specific in their actions than enzymatic antioxidants.

Answer

Enzymatic antioxidants are only found in plants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants are found in both plants and animals.

Question 5

Which type of antioxidant enzyme is responsible for converting superoxide into hydrogen peroxide?

Accepted Answer

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Answer

Catalase

Answer

Glutathione peroxidase

Answer

Vitamin E

Question 6

Which of the following statements about antioxidant supplements is true?

Accepted Answer

They may have side effects

Answer

They can replace a healthy diet

Answer

They are essential for all athletes

Answer

They are always effective in reducing oxidative stress

Question 7

How does consuming a variety of antioxidant-rich foods help athletes maintain optimal antioxidant status?

Accepted Answer

Provides a range of antioxidants to neutralize free radicals, enhancing overall antioxidant status.

Answer

Eliminates the need for antioxidant supplements to maintain antioxidant status.

Answer

Stimulates the body to produce more antioxidants, boosting overall antioxidant status.

Answer

Prevents the production of free radicals, eliminating the need for antioxidants to neutralize them.

Question 8

Which of the following foods offers a rich source of both vitamin E and vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

Spinach

Answer

Salmon

Answer

Brown rice

Answer

Yogurt

Question 9

True or False: Antioxidants can entirely prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 10

Which of the following dietary supplements is commonly used to enhance antioxidant levels in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Creatine

Answer

Caffeine

Answer

Beta-alanine

Question 11

Which factors have the greatest impact on a person's antioxidant levels?

Accepted Answer

Age, diet, and genetics

Answer

Exercise intensity and duration

Answer

Supplementation timing and dosage

Answer

Training status and fitness level

Question 12

Identify a common antioxidant found in plant-based foods.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Iron

Answer

Creatine

Answer

Sodium

Question 13

What is the primary function of antioxidants in protecting cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutralizing free radicals

Answer

Reducing inflammation

Answer

Stimulating protein synthesis

Answer

Increasing blood flow

Question 14

Which of the following is a major contributor to oxidative stress during physical exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of reactive oxygen species

Answer

Muscle damage

Answer

Decreased oxygen availability

Answer

Dehydration

Question 15

How do antioxidants benefit muscle recovery after exercise?

Accepted Answer

Reducing muscle soreness and inflammation

Answer

Enhancing protein synthesis

Answer

Accelerating glycogen resynthesis

Question 16

Which food is a rich source of both vitamin C and vitamin E?

Accepted Answer

Spinach

Answer

Salmon

Answer

Whole wheat bread

Answer

Dairy products

Question 17

Is the following statement true or false: Antioxidants completely prevent oxidative damage in the body.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

N/A

Answer

N/A

Answer

True

Question 18

Which of the following is a key function of antioxidants in the context of recovery from exercise?

Accepted Answer

Reducing oxidative stress

Answer

Promoting inflammation

Answer

Facilitating muscle repair

Answer

Supporting immune function

Question 19

Which type of antioxidant is fat-soluble and found in nuts, seeds, and oily fish?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E

Answer

Coenzyme Q10

Answer

Glutathione

Answer

Vitamin C

Question 20

Which of the following foods is a good source of both vitamin C and vitamin E?

Accepted Answer

Avocados

Answer

Bread

Answer

Meat

Answer

Dairy products

Question 21

How does oxidative stress contribute to exercise-induced muscle soreness?

Accepted Answer

By damaging muscle fibers and promoting inflammation

Answer

By increasing blood flow to muscles

Answer

By enhancing muscle protein synthesis

Question 22

Which of the following strategies can help athletes optimize their antioxidant intake?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Answer

Taking excessive doses of antioxidant supplements

Answer

Avoiding exercise during times of high pollution

Question 23

Which of the following factors can affect an athlete's antioxidant requirements?

Accepted Answer

Exercise intensity, duration, and recovery time

Answer

Age and gender only

Answer

Diet alone

Answer

Genetics only

Question 24

How can antioxidants help protect against exercise-induced immune suppression?

Accepted Answer

By reducing oxidative stress and supporting immune cell function

Answer

By increasing inflammation and enhancing recovery time

Answer

By promoting muscle soreness and fatigue

Question 25

Which of the following is a potential concern regarding antioxidant supplementation in sports nutrition?

Accepted Answer

It may interfere with training adaptations

Answer

It is always beneficial to take high doses of antioxidants

Answer

Supplements are the only effective way to increase antioxidant intake

Answer

Antioxidants have no side effects

Question 26

What is the primary mechanism by which antioxidants combat oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

By scavenging free radicals and preventing their damage

Answer

By enhancing recovery time

Answer

By increasing blood flow to muscles

Question 27

Which of the following is a key consideration when evaluating antioxidant research in sports nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidant effects may vary depending on individual factors and study design

Answer

Only studies using large sample sizes are valid

Answer

All antioxidant studies provide reliable and consistent results